Vanadium Contamination

Vanadium in Texas Drinking Water

Ranked by max vanadium detected (µg/L) · UCMR 3 data (2013–2015) · Data from EPA SDWIS & UCMR

231

Cities Tested

Over HA

% Over HA

4.58 µg/L

State Avg

▼ 2% vs national

vs National

900

Health Violations

Analysis

Vanadium in Texas: what the data shows

Texas has 231 cities with vanadium data from the EPA's UCMR 3 program (2013–2015). Vanadium was detected above the 21 µg/L EPA short-term health advisory in 8 of those cities. The state average max detected level is 4.58 µg/L. Vanadium occurs naturally in groundwater, particularly in the western United States where it leaches from volcanic rock and oil shale formations. Industrial sources include steel manufacturing, oil refining, and fossil fuel combustion. There is no federal MCL for vanadium — the EPA established a short-term health advisory of 21 µg/L for a 10 kg child consuming 1 L/day for 10 days. Long-term exposure to elevated vanadium has been associated with kidney effects in animal studies and possible developmental impacts. Reverse osmosis and ion exchange systems are effective at removing vanadium from drinking water.

Comparison

Cities exceeding 21 µg/L EPA short-term HA (no MCL)

Texas

8 of 231 cities

← ▼ 2% below national rate (better)

National avg

179 of 3322 cities

City Map

Vanadium data across Texas

Each dot is a city with UCMR 3 vanadium testing data. Cities where vanadium exceeds the 21 µg/L EPA short-term health advisory are highlighted. Size reflects population served.

Worst Offenders

Top 10 cities by vanadium level in Texas

Highest Vanadium levels (µg/L)

All Cities

All Texas cities ranked by vanadium level

#	City	Level	Over HA?	Violations	Grade
1	Sugar Land	58.00 µg/L	Over HA	4	F
2	Midland	57.00 µg/L	Over HA	231	F
3	San Antonio	33.00 µg/L	Over HA	25	F
4	Levelland	29.80 µg/L	Over HA	168	F
5	Kingsville	25.70 µg/L	Over HA	45	D+
6	Stafford	25.00 µg/L	Over HA	1	A-
7	Canyon	22.30 µg/L	Over HA	5	F
8	Lubbock	22.00 µg/L	Over HA	1231	F
9	El Paso	20.00 µg/L	No	192	F
10	Hereford	20.00 µg/L	No	13	F
11	Plainview	16.60 µg/L	No	25	F
12	Houston	16.00 µg/L	No	929	F
13	Friona	15.10 µg/L	No	10	B
14	Post	15.00 µg/L	No	28	F
15	Odessa	14.00 µg/L	No	225	F
16	Dayton	13.80 µg/L	No	4	D
17	Amarillo	12.80 µg/L	No	26	F
18	Memphis	12.00 µg/L	No	2	B+
19	Rosenberg	11.30 µg/L	No	1	C-
20	Pampa	11.00 µg/L	No	7	B
21	Borger	10.70 µg/L	No	1	C-
22	Dumas	10.50 µg/L	No	6	C+
23	Clint	10.20 µg/L	No	2	B
24	Wichita Falls	9.40 µg/L	No	823	F
25	Edinburg	9.25 µg/L	No	12	C-
26	Robstown	9.19 µg/L	No	31	F
27	Three Rivers	8.69 µg/L	No	19	B+
28	Port Lavaca	8.48 µg/L	No	47	F
29	Alice	8.41 µg/L	No	103	F
30	Freeport	7.77 µg/L	No	209	F
31	Holliday	7.70 µg/L	No	4	B+
32	Burkburnett	7.51 µg/L	No	45	B-
33	Portland	7.40 µg/L	No	2	B+
34	Angleton	7.34 µg/L	No	47	F
35	Horizon City	7.27 µg/L	No	1	A
36	Uvalde	7.21 µg/L	No	0	D
37	Wharton	7.21 µg/L	No	1	D
38	Harlingen	7.10 µg/L	No	1	C
39	Stamford	7.10 µg/L	No	76	D
40	Corpus Christi	7.00 µg/L	No	13	B
41	Katy	6.91 µg/L	No	46	F
42	Lake Jackson	6.84 µg/L	No	6	D
43	Big Spring	6.76 µg/L	No	48	F
44	West University Place	6.63 µg/L	No	2	B+
45	Jbsa Lackland	6.62 µg/L	No	4	B+
46	Menard	6.60 µg/L	No	1	A-
47	Beeville	6.47 µg/L	No	46	F
48	Rockport	6.40 µg/L	No	20	B-
49	Laredo	6.30 µg/L	No	111	F
50	Progreso	6.16 µg/L	No	52	D+
51	Richmond	6.08 µg/L	No	3	F
52	Del Rio	6.08 µg/L	No	117	F
53	Sunset Valley	6.08 µg/L	No	0	A
54	Snyder	5.90 µg/L	No	12	B-
55	Sweetwater	5.83 µg/L	No	8	B
56	Ingleside	5.80 µg/L	No	3	D+
57	Elsa	5.80 µg/L	No	5	B-
58	Pharr	5.71 µg/L	No	0	A-
59	El Campo	5.70 µg/L	No	19	F
60	Mission	5.42 µg/L	No	23	C-
61	Eagle Pass	5.38 µg/L	No	45	D+
62	Austin	5.25 µg/L	No	1288	F
63	San Juan	5.10 µg/L	No	4	B+
64	Rio Hondo	5.05 µg/L	No	70	F
65	Weslaco	5.00 µg/L	No	2	C+
66	Mercedes	5.00 µg/L	No	22	F
67	Donna	5.00 µg/L	No	6	B
68	Mcallen	4.80 µg/L	No	0	A
69	San Benito	4.80 µg/L	No	16	B+
70	Zapata	4.80 µg/L	No	75	D
71	Seguin	4.66 µg/L	No	42	F
72	Port Isabel	4.64 µg/L	No	24	B+
73	Hutto	4.31 µg/L	No	17	B
74	Humble	4.30 µg/L	No	1	B+
75	Taylor	4.23 µg/L	No	6	A-
76	Fort Hood	4.20 µg/L	No	3	A-
77	Sheppard Afb	4.20 µg/L	No	3	A-
78	Belton	4.10 µg/L	No	22	F
79	Huntsville	4.05 µg/L	No	128	F
80	Texas City	3.90 µg/L	No	4	B
81	North Richland Hills	3.80 µg/L	No	1	B+
82	Rio Grande	3.75 µg/L	No	6	B
83	Roma	3.68 µg/L	No	40	F
84	Red Oak	3.55 µg/L	No	10	B+
85	Converse	3.50 µg/L	No	1	A
86	Coupland	3.34 µg/L	No	6	C
87	Universal City	3.32 µg/L	No	0	B+
88	Cooper	3.30 µg/L	No	10	B
89	Saginaw	3.29 µg/L	No	4	A-
90	Adkins	3.22 µg/L	No	2	A-
91	Killeen	3.13 µg/L	No	11	F
92	Hondo	3.11 µg/L	No	1	B+
93	San Marcos	3.10 µg/L	No	56	C-
94	Groves	3.01 µg/L	No	5	B+
95	Georgetown	3.00 µg/L	No	3	F
96	Santa Fe	3.00 µg/L	No	25	F
97	Garden Ridge	3.00 µg/L	No	0	A-
98	Alamo	2.98 µg/L	No	7	B+
99	Canyon Lake	2.91 µg/L	No	39	F
100	Waxahachie	2.90 µg/L	No	70	D+
101	Kerrville	2.90 µg/L	No	131	F
102	Vernon	2.90 µg/L	No	163	D
103	Marion	2.89 µg/L	No	2	B-
104	Niederwald	2.87 µg/L	No	6	B-
105	Brownsville	2.84 µg/L	No	5	C+
106	New Braunfels	2.74 µg/L	No	15	D
107	Fredericksburg	2.71 µg/L	No	129	D
108	Dallas	2.70 µg/L	No	102	F
109	Round Rock	2.65 µg/L	No	17	F
110	Eagle Lake	2.60 µg/L	No	2	C+
111	Kyle	2.46 µg/L	No	5	A-
112	Waco	2.40 µg/L	No	53	F
113	Friendswood	2.38 µg/L	No	0	B+
114	League City	2.36 µg/L	No	67	F
115	Bastrop	2.33 µg/L	No	31	F
116	Leander	2.30 µg/L	No	5	F
117	Boerne	2.30 µg/L	No	24	F
118	Longview	2.24 µg/L	No	20	F
119	Cedar Park	2.22 µg/L	No	8	B-
120	Copperas Cove	2.21 µg/L	No	1	B+
121	Comanche	2.20 µg/L	No	42	D
122	Kempner	2.17 µg/L	No	19	B-
123	Harker Heights	2.14 µg/L	No	19	B-
124	Crowley	2.13 µg/L	No	2	C+
125	Dickinson	1.98 µg/L	No	8	F
126	Benbrook	1.97 µg/L	No	0	B
127	Arlington	1.92 µg/L	No	5	D+
128	Joshua	1.92 µg/L	No	2	C-
129	Pflugerville	1.92 µg/L	No	19	C+
130	Corsicana	1.92 µg/L	No	30	F
131	Texarkana	1.90 µg/L	No	17	F
132	Richland Hills	1.90 µg/L	No	2	A-
133	Cypress	1.80 µg/L	No	624	F
134	Temple	1.80 µg/L	No	31	C-
135	Brownwood	1.80 µg/L	No	12	A-
136	Forest Hill	1.76 µg/L	No	7	A-
137	Grapevine	1.74 µg/L	No	0	A-
138	Keller	1.70 µg/L	No	1	B+
139	Galveston	1.67 µg/L	No	2	B+
140	Galena Park	1.63 µg/L	No	4	B-
141	Fort Worth	1.60 µg/L	No	25	F
142	Hurst	1.60 µg/L	No	1	A-
143	Cleburne	1.60 µg/L	No	5	C
144	Tool	1.58 µg/L	No	6	A-
145	De Leon	1.51 µg/L	No	45	F
146	College Station	1.51 µg/L	No	2	B-
147	White Settlement	1.49 µg/L	No	13	C+
148	Hewitt	1.48 µg/L	No	4	A-
149	Splendora	1.48 µg/L	No	4	D
150	Watauga	1.47 µg/L	No	4	A-
151	Bellaire	1.40 µg/L	No	1	A-
152	La Marque	1.40 µg/L	No	3	B
153	Livingston	1.36 µg/L	No	398	F
154	Midlothian	1.27 µg/L	No	12	B
155	Springtown	1.26 µg/L	No	71	D
156	Azle	1.25 µg/L	No	30	F
157	Southlake	1.24 µg/L	No	3	B
158	Burleson	1.22 µg/L	No	9	B+
159	Tyler	1.19 µg/L	No	53	F
160	Weatherford	1.19 µg/L	No	140	F
161	Mansfield	1.15 µg/L	No	0	A-
162	Haltom City	1.11 µg/L	No	2	B
163	Palestine	1.10 µg/L	No	15	C
164	Robinson	1.09 µg/L	No	2	A-
165	La Porte	1.06 µg/L	No	0	B+
166	Granbury	1.04 µg/L	No	28	F
167	Cleveland	1.03 µg/L	No	4	C-
168	Ennis	1.02 µg/L	No	2	A-
169	Victoria	1.00 µg/L	No	28	F
170	Greenville	1.00 µg/L	No	8	C
171	Stephenville	1.00 µg/L	No	39	F
172	Whitehouse	1.00 µg/L	No	12	B+
173	Trophy Club	1.00 µg/L	No	0	A+
174	Highlands	1.00 µg/L	No	14	F
175	Fort Stockton	0.98 µg/L	No	54	D
176	Sulphur Springs	0.93 µg/L	No	18	C
177	Marshall	0.89 µg/L	No	46	F
178	Grand Prairie	0.86 µg/L	No	10	F
179	Pasadena	0.85 µg/L	No	0	B-
180	Terrell	0.84 µg/L	No	21	F
181	Forney	0.82 µg/L	No	10	B-
182	The Colony	0.81 µg/L	No	2	A-
183	Pearland	0.78 µg/L	No	14	F
184	Crockett	0.78 µg/L	No	47	F
185	Irving	0.69 µg/L	No	9	C
186	Bonham	0.68 µg/L	No	30	B+
187	Nacogdoches	0.64 µg/L	No	17	F
188	Bedford	0.63 µg/L	No	0	B+
189	Douglass	0.63 µg/L	No	4	B
190	Hemphill	0.62 µg/L	No	115	F
191	Sherman	0.62 µg/L	No	2	B+
192	Mineral Wells	0.59 µg/L	No	7	C-
193	Mount Pleasant	0.57 µg/L	No	2	A-
194	Henderson	0.56 µg/L	No	57	F
195	Brenham	0.56 µg/L	No	20	F
196	Mabank	0.56 µg/L	No	66	D
197	Nederland	0.56 µg/L	No	28	D
198	Seagoville	0.55 µg/L	No	7	B
199	Colleyville	0.54 µg/L	No	1	B+
200	Seabrook	0.53 µg/L	No	0	B+
201	Somerville	0.50 µg/L	No	17	C-
202	Euless	0.49 µg/L	No	1	A-
203	Jacksonville	0.48 µg/L	No	62	D
204	Port Neches	0.48 µg/L	No	6	B+
205	Farmers Branch	0.47 µg/L	No	0	A-
206	Parker	0.45 µg/L	No	0	A-
207	Fate	0.42 µg/L	No	0	B
208	Diboll	0.42 µg/L	No	9	B-
209	Garland	0.42 µg/L	No	0	A-
210	Abilene	0.38 µg/L	No	46	F
211	San Angelo	0.38 µg/L	No	40	F
212	Denison	0.38 µg/L	No	24	F
213	Schertz	0.35 µg/L	No	0	B+
214	Nocona	0.35 µg/L	No	8	C
215	Mesquite	0.34 µg/L	No	0	B+
216	Como	0.34 µg/L	No	1	B+
217	Port Arthur	0.32 µg/L	No	8	B+
218	Crystal Beach	0.32 µg/L	No	15	A-
219	Coppell	0.31 µg/L	No	0	A-
220	Lufkin	0.31 µg/L	No	167	F
221	Beaumont	0.30 µg/L	No	42	F
222	Duncanville	0.29 µg/L	No	5	B+
223	Lewisville	0.28 µg/L	No	1	C+
224	Frisco	0.27 µg/L	No	3	B
225	Paris	0.27 µg/L	No	15	B+
226	White Oak	0.27 µg/L	No	7	B
227	Cedar Hill	0.26 µg/L	No	4	A-
228	Carrollton	0.23 µg/L	No	0	A-
229	Mc Gregor	0.23 µg/L	No	5	C-
230	Wylie	0.22 µg/L	No	2	B-
231	Kilgore	0.21 µg/L	No	26	F

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about vanadium in Texas

Is vanadium in Texas tap water harmful?

Vanadium has no federal MCL. The EPA short-term health advisory is 21 µg/L. 8 cities in Texas exceed this level. Long-term exposure has been linked to kidney effects in animal studies. Vanadium is most common in groundwater in the western US.

How can I remove vanadium from my drinking water?

Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are highly effective at removing vanadium, typically reducing it by 90% or more. Ion exchange systems also work. Standard activated carbon filters are not effective against vanadium. If your water comes from a private well in the western US, consider testing for vanadium.

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