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Vanadium Contamination

Vanadium in Arizona Drinking Water

Ranked by max vanadium detected (µg/L) · UCMR 3 data (2013–2015) · Data from EPA SDWIS & UCMR

64
Cities Tested
15
Over HA
23%
% Over HA
14.91 µg/L
State Avg
▲ 18% vs national
vs National
241
Health Violations

Vanadium in Arizona: what the data shows

Arizona has 64 cities with vanadium data from the EPA's UCMR 3 program (2013–2015). Vanadium was detected above the 21 µg/L EPA short-term health advisory in 15 of those cities. The state average max detected level is 14.91 µg/L. Vanadium occurs naturally in groundwater, particularly in the western United States where it leaches from volcanic rock and oil shale formations. Industrial sources include steel manufacturing, oil refining, and fossil fuel combustion. There is no federal MCL for vanadium — the EPA established a short-term health advisory of 21 µg/L for a 10 kg child consuming 1 L/day for 10 days. Long-term exposure to elevated vanadium has been associated with kidney effects in animal studies and possible developmental impacts. Reverse osmosis and ion exchange systems are effective at removing vanadium from drinking water.

Cities exceeding 21 µg/L EPA short-term HA (no MCL)

Arizona
23%
15 of 64 cities
▲ 18% above national rate (worse)
National avg
5%
179 of 3322 cities

Vanadium data across Arizona

Each dot is a city with UCMR 3 vanadium testing data. Cities where vanadium exceeds the 21 µg/L EPA short-term health advisory are highlighted. Size reflects population served.

All Arizona cities ranked by vanadium level

# City Level Level Over HA? Violations Grade
1 Salt River Indian Community 72.00 µg/L
Over HA 22
B
2 Buckeye-Sono 38.00 µg/L
Over HA 2
B-
3 Vaya Chin, Hickiwan, San Simon Village/S 37.00 µg/L
Over HA 1
A-
4 Buckeye 36.00 µg/L
Over HA 103
F
5 Surprise 35.30 µg/L
Over HA 18
F
6 Johnson Ranch 34.00 µg/L
Over HA 7
D
7 Prescott Valley 34.00 µg/L
Over HA 6
D
8 Mesa 32.00 µg/L
Over HA 3
F
9 Peoria 30.00 µg/L
Over HA 13
F
10 Goodyear 30.00 µg/L
Over HA 3
F
11 Glendale 29.00 µg/L
Over HA 5
F
12 Litchfield Park 26.00 µg/L
Over HA 21
F
13 Phoenix 23.20 µg/L
Over HA 59
F
14 Globe 23.00 µg/L
Over HA 46
F
15 Sun City 22.60 µg/L
Over HA 1
B
16 Paradise Valley 20.80 µg/L
No 3
C
17 Gilbert 19.00 µg/L
No 11
F
18 Kingman 19.00 µg/L
No 110
D
19 El Mirage 18.00 µg/L
No 3
D
20 Safford 18.00 µg/L
No 9
D
21 Chandler 17.00 µg/L
No 32
F
22 Scottsdale 17.00 µg/L
No 22
F
23 Queen Creek 17.00 µg/L
No 14
D
24 Douglas 17.00 µg/L
No 55
D
25 Avondale 16.00 µg/L
No 13
C+
26 Prescott 16.00 µg/L
No 33
F
27 Cave Creek 16.00 µg/L
No 25
C-
28 Oro Valley 15.00 µg/L
No 11
D
29 Anthem 12.20 µg/L
No 1
B
30 Tempe 12.00 µg/L
No 3
D+
31 Casa Grande 12.00 µg/L
No 44
F
32 Cottonwood 12.00 µg/L
No 184
D
33 Tucson 11.00 µg/L
No 150
F
34 Catalina 11.00 µg/L
No 2
D
35 Sun City West 9.30 µg/L
No 3
B+
36 Sacaton, Sacaton Flats,Upper San Tan, Bl 9.00 µg/L
No 11
B
37 Florence 8.90 µg/L
No 60
F
38 Red Rock 8.66 µg/L
No 1
D+
39 Fountain Hills 8.00 µg/L
No 21
F
40 Payson 7.70 µg/L
No 60
F
41 Sahuarita 7.60 µg/L
No 19
F
42 Bullhead City 7.40 µg/L
No 57
F
43 Maricopa 7.20 µg/L
No 228
D
44 Apache Junction 7.20 µg/L
No 18
F
45 Sedona 6.80 µg/L
No 174
F
46 Kaibeto 6.60 µg/L
No 0
B
47 Ganado, Cornfield, Steamboat, Woodspring 6.47 µg/L
No 4
B+
48 Yuma 5.80 µg/L
No 318
F
49 Flagstaff 5.70 µg/L
No 74
D
50 Nogales 5.20 µg/L
No 39
F
51 Benson 5.02 µg/L
No 29
D
52 Rio Rico 4.80 µg/L
No 4
C
53 Fort Defiance, Window Rock, St. Michaels 4.80 µg/L
No 22
B-
54 Green Valley 4.60 µg/L
No 9
D
55 Sierra Vista 3.20 µg/L
No 44
D
56 Show Low 2.70 µg/L
No 60
D
57 Whiteriver 2.70 µg/L
No 7
D
58 Fort Huachuca 2.60 µg/L
No 9
F
59 Heber 2.40 µg/L
No 11
F
60 Grand Canyon 2.10 µg/L
No 11
D
61 San Luis 1.90 µg/L
No 8
D
62 Lake Havasu City 0.94 µg/L
No 5
D
63 Mohave Valley 0.75 µg/L
No 14
F
64 Somerton 0.24 µg/L
No 17
D

Frequently asked questions about vanadium in Arizona

Is vanadium in Arizona tap water harmful?

Vanadium has no federal MCL. The EPA short-term health advisory is 21 µg/L. 15 cities in Arizona exceed this level. Long-term exposure has been linked to kidney effects in animal studies. Vanadium is most common in groundwater in the western US.

How can I remove vanadium from my drinking water?

Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are highly effective at removing vanadium, typically reducing it by 90% or more. Ion exchange systems also work. Standard activated carbon filters are not effective against vanadium. If your water comes from a private well in the western US, consider testing for vanadium.