01The verdict: is Twin City water safe?
Twin City's drinking water has significant quality concerns based on EPA testing data. With a grade of D (48/100), the system has issues across multiple categories. A water filter is recommended for all residents. The city's 5 water systems serve approximately 3,221 residents using groundwater (wells).
84 unresolved violations on record
EPA records show open compliance items for this system. Most are administrative, but unresolved items are worth watching.
See what was cited ↓Lead is well under the limit
90th-percentile lead is 3.3 ppb — beneath the 15 ppb federal action level and under the 5 ppb watch threshold.
See the trend ↓10 violations in the last five years
Recent compliance history is the best predictor of future problems — the year-by-year record is below.
See the record ↓Twin City's drinking water received a grade of D (48 out of 100), indicating poor water quality. The city's 5 water systems serve approximately 3,221 residents using groundwater.
Lead levels were measured at 3.3 ppb (90th percentile), well within EPA limits. This system has not yet been tested for PFAS under the EPA UCMR 5 program. The system has 622 violations on record, including 18 health-based violations. 84 remain unresolved.
Twin City ranks #321 out of 372 cities in Georgia for water quality, placing it among the lowest-rated in the state. Twin City relies on groundwater, which is generally less vulnerable to surface contamination but can be affected by naturally occurring minerals like arsenic and nitrate, as well as agricultural and industrial runoff. As a small community water system, Twin City may have fewer resources for advanced treatment technologies and infrastructure upgrades compared to larger utilities. The system has seen 10 violations in the past five years, suggesting a pattern of compliance challenges that residents should monitor closely.
02What's in Twin City's water
Every contaminant flagged in Twin City, on one shared scale: distance to its own legal limit. The red line is the limit — anything past it is out of compliance, and the closer a bar gets, the less headroom the system has.
Full contaminants report
| Contaminant | Detected Level | EPA Limit | Unit | Category | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (90th percentile) LeadHeavy Metal A toxic heavy metal that can leach into drinking water from older pipes, solder, and fixtures. No amount of lead in water is considered safe. Health EffectsBrain and nervous system damage in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and reproductive problems in adults. EPA Limit15 ppb action level Common SourcesCorrosion of lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets, and household plumbing. | 3.3 | 15 | ppb | Inorganic | Safe |
Cities ranked by 90th-percentile lead PF PFAS in Georgia
Cities ranked by compounds detected Cu Copper in Georgia
Cities ranked by 90th-percentile copper
03Twin City's ten-year track record
Each box is one year. A green check means no EPA violations; a numbered badge counts that year's violations — red if any were health-based, amber if they were monitoring or paperwork issues. The system has 622 violations on record, including 18 health-based violations. 84 remain unresolved.
5 of the last ten years were clean. The numbered years had EPA violations — red when any were health-based, amber when they were paperwork or missed-testing issues.
▲ Up 3.3 ppb since 2002. Latest reading: 3.3 ppb (2025) — 22% of the action level. Sampled at higher-risk homes (90th percentile).
04Where Twin City's water comes from
Twin City's drinking water is drawn from underground aquifers through wells.
Groundwater
Underground aquifers reached by wells — naturally filtered, but can carry minerals like arsenic and nitrate.
Local treatment
Groundwater generally needs less treatment — typically disinfection and, where needed, mineral removal.
5 systems
5 water systems, operated under local government ownership.
3,221 people
Residents served across Twin City's service area.
Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil layers, generally requiring less treatment than surface water. However, it can contain naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and minerals. Agricultural activity, septic systems, and industrial operations near well fields can introduce nitrates, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The system is operated by local government ownership and serves approximately 3,221 people through 5 water systems.
| System name | PWSID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| TWIN CITY | GA1070006 | 2,817 | Groundwater |
| LAKE OWL HEAD SUBDIVISION | GA1610021 | 161 | Groundwater |
| THREE RIVERS ESTATES | GA2090018 | 138 | Groundwater |
| LAZY RIVER ESTATES | GA2090014 | 105 | Groundwater |
| SWAINSBORO CREST | GA1070031 | 30 | Groundwater |
05Pressure on Twin City's watershed
Outside forces that shape what reaches the treatment plant. None of these is a verdict on the tap by itself — but each adds pressure worth knowing about.
Flood & storm history
10 federal disaster declarations on record for Emanuel County. Flooding and severe storms can overwhelm treatment plants, cause sewage overflows, and push runoff into supplies.
06How Twin City compares
Scores for nearby Georgia cities on one line, with the average marked.
dashed line = Georgia average (61/100)
Twin City scores 48/100 — below the Georgia average of 61/100. It outscores 4 of 10 nearby cities. Full Georgia rankings →
37.2 / 100BMarietta, GA
82.2 / 100BDecatur, GA
84.8 / 100FAlpharetta, GA
41.4 / 100BMorrow, GA
83.6 / 100BCanton, GA
75.6 / 100
Compare all cities in the county — grades, violations, and contaminant data side by side.→
07What to do at home
Steps matched to what testing actually found in Twin City's water — not generic advice.
A basic carbon filter still helps
Twin City's water meets federal standards, but a simple carbon filter improves taste and adds a margin of safety against short-term issues.
Compare tested filters →Flush taps & check your service line
Lead leaches from pipes as water sits. Run cold water 30 seconds before drinking (especially mornings), and ask the utility whether your address still has a lead service line.
Lead risks explained →Watch for Twin City alerts
This area has a history of flood declarations — after severe weather, watch for boil-water advisories from the utility, and check the live alerts on this page.
All water alerts →Frequently asked questions
Is Twin City, GA tap water safe to drink?
Twin City's water quality earned a grade of D (48/100). Significant issues have been found. A water filter is strongly recommended. The city ranks #321 out of 372 cities tested in Georgia.
What contaminants are in Twin City's water?
Lead was measured at 3.3 ppb (90th percentile). 622 violations are on record.
How is Twin City's water quality grade calculated?
The grade is based on four factors: violation history (40%), lead and copper levels (25%), PFAS contamination (25%), and regulatory compliance (10%). The score is also adjusted based on how complete the available data is. See our methodology page for full details.
Do I need a water filter in Twin City?
Based on current data, basic filtration should suffice for additional peace of mind.
Where does Twin City's water come from?
Twin City's water is sourced from Groundwater. The city has 5 water systems serving approximately 3,221 residents.
What health violations has Twin City's water system had?
Twin City has 18 health-based violations on record. The most recent violation was recorded in October 2025. Health-based violations mean the water exceeded EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a regulated substance. 84 violations remain unresolved.
Is Twin City's groundwater at risk of contamination?
Twin City uses groundwater, which can be affected by naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate, as well as agricultural runoff and industrial activity. The system has 622 violations on record that may relate to groundwater quality. Groundwater systems are generally less susceptible to surface contamination but should be monitored for emerging contaminants like PFAS.
How does Twin City's water compare to other cities?
Twin City ranks #321 out of 372 cities in Georgia (better than 14% of state cities) and #13262 out of 15382 cities nationally (14th percentile). The grade of D reflects the combined assessment of violation history, lead and copper levels, PFAS contamination, and regulatory compliance.