Is Estelline, SD Tap Water Safe to Drink?
Graded A-, with 2 unresolved violations on record. See what was cited — and what it means for your tap. What to do next ↓
86/100
waterverge.com Estelline, SD — Water Quality Report
Estelline's drinking water received a grade of A- (86 out of 100), indicating good water quality. The city's 1 water system serves approximately 749 residents using purchased ground water.
Lead levels were measured at 3.0 ppb (90th percentile), well within EPA limits. This system has not yet been tested for PFAS under the EPA UCMR 5 program.
The system has 86 violations on record, including 22 health-based violations. 2 remain unresolved.
What to know about Estelline's water
Estelline ranks #71 out of 141 cities in South Dakota for water quality, placing it mid-range in the state.
Estelline purchases its water from a regional wholesaler, meaning quality depends on both the supplier's treatment and the local distribution system's condition.
As a small community water system, Estelline may have fewer resources for advanced treatment technologies and infrastructure upgrades compared to larger utilities.
Water quality score
See methodology →Is Estelline, SD water safe to drink?
Estelline's tap water meets most EPA standards but has areas that warrant attention. With a grade of A- (86/100), some contaminant levels or compliance issues suggest that residents may benefit from additional filtration. The city's 1 water system serves approximately 749 residents using groundwater (wells).
Recent water quality updates for Estelline
A timeline of significant water quality events, violations, and data updates.
Latest EPA compliance and testing data incorporated into Estelline's water quality assessment. Grade: A- (86/100).
1 health-based. Contaminants: Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule.
Federal disaster declaration (FEMA DR-4463). Flood event — may have impacted local water infrastructure.
Contaminants: Nitrate.
Federal disaster declaration (FEMA DR-4440). Flood event — may have impacted local water infrastructure.
Contaminants: Nitrate.
Key contaminant findings
Based on the most recent EPA sampling data for Estelline's water supply.
Well within EPA limits.
Violation history
Estelline's water system has 86 total violations on record, including 22 health-based violations. 2 remain unresolved. 1 violation was issued in the last 5 years.
Flood & environmental risk
Hamlin County has experienced 10 federally declared disasters since 1969. Flooding and severe storms can overwhelm water treatment plants, cause sewage overflows, and introduce agricultural runoff, bacteria, and sediment into drinking water supplies. Local water sources include Big Sioux River.
Where does Estelline's water come from?
Estelline's drinking water comes from groundwater (wells), supplied by 1 water system serving approximately 749 people. Groundwater is generally less susceptible to surface contamination but can contain naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate. Nearby water bodies include Big Sioux River (river).
What Estelline residents can do
Your water utility is required to publish an annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) with detailed testing results. Ask for the latest copy or check your utility's website.
Estelline's area has a history of flooding. After severe weather, watch for boil water advisories from your local utility.
Data: EPA SDWIS, UCMR 5 (PFAS), FEMA, NOAA. Last updated May 2026.
Top contaminants to know
View all ↓Violation summary
Violations & advisories
Drought conditions
D1 — moderate droughtHamlin County is currently in D1 (moderate drought) per the U.S. Drought Monitor (week of May 5, 2026). Drought can elevate disinfection-byproduct (TTHM/HAA5) levels and taste/odor issues as utilities draw from lower reservoirs.
Source: U.S. Drought Monitor, updated weekly by NDMC, USDA, and NOAA.
Flood & disaster history
Hamlin County has experienced 10 federally declared disasters since 1969. Flooding and severe weather can compromise water treatment infrastructure and introduce contaminants into drinking water supplies.
Full contaminants report
| Contaminant | Detected Level | EPA Limit | Unit | Category | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (90th percentile) LeadHeavy Metal A toxic heavy metal that can leach into drinking water from older pipes, solder, and fixtures. No amount of lead in water is considered safe. Health EffectsBrain and nervous system damage in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and reproductive problems in adults. EPA Limit15 ppb action level Common SourcesCorrosion of lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets, and household plumbing. | 3.0 | 15 | ppb | Inorganic | Safe |
Lead level trend (90th percentile)
See how Estelline compares by contaminant
Explore where Estelline ranks among all South Dakota cities for specific contaminants.
Water source & infrastructure
Where Estelline's water comes from
Estelline purchases its water supply from a regional wholesale provider rather than treating raw water directly.
Water quality depends on both the wholesaler's treatment standards and the condition of Estelline's local distribution pipes and storage facilities.
Purchased water systems are common in suburban areas and smaller communities that lack the infrastructure for independent treatment.
The system is operated by local government ownership and serves approximately 749 people through 1 water system.
Water bodies near Estelline
Estelline is located near 1 notable water body. These water bodies contribute to the regional watershed and may indirectly affect groundwater quality.
Water systems serving Estelline
| System Name | PWSID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESTELLINE | SD4600119 | 749 | GWP |
How Estelline compares
Full South Dakota rankings →Estelline's score of 86/100 is above the average of 66/100 among major South Dakota cities. It outscores 6 of 10 nearby cities.
Nearby cities
View South Dakota rankings →About Estelline, SD
Wikipedia →Estelline is a city in Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 749 at the 2020 census.
Learn more about your water
Guides and resources related to Estelline's water quality findings.
Explore water quality across Hamlin
Frequently asked questions
Is Estelline, SD tap water safe to drink?
Estelline's water quality earned a grade of A- (86/100). The water generally meets EPA standards and is considered safe for consumption. The city ranks #71 out of 141 cities tested in South Dakota.
What contaminants are in Estelline's water?
Lead was measured at 3.0 ppb (90th percentile). 86 violations are on record.
How is Estelline's water quality grade calculated?
The grade is based on four factors: violation history (40%), lead and copper levels (25%), PFAS contamination (25%), and regulatory compliance (10%). The score is also adjusted based on how complete the available data is. See our methodology page for full details.
Do I need a water filter in Estelline?
Based on current data, basic filtration should suffice for additional peace of mind.
Where does Estelline's water come from?
Estelline's water is sourced from Purchased ground water. The city has 1 water system serving approximately 749 residents.
What health violations has Estelline's water system had?
Estelline has 22 health-based violations on record. The most recent violation was recorded in March 2023. Health-based violations mean the water exceeded EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a regulated substance. 2 violations remain unresolved.
Is Estelline's groundwater at risk of contamination?
Estelline uses groundwater, which can be affected by naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate, as well as agricultural runoff and industrial activity. The system has 86 violations on record that may relate to groundwater quality. Groundwater systems are generally less susceptible to surface contamination but should be monitored for emerging contaminants like PFAS.
How does Estelline's water compare to other cities?
Estelline ranks #71 out of 141 cities in South Dakota (better than 50% of state cities) and #5009 out of 15744 cities nationally (68th percentile). The grade of A- reflects the combined assessment of violation history, lead and copper levels, PFAS contamination, and regulatory compliance.
Does Estelline's small water system affect quality?
Estelline's system serves approximately 749 residents. Small community water systems (under 3,300 people) may have fewer financial resources for infrastructure upgrades and advanced treatment technologies. However, they are held to the same EPA drinking water standards as larger systems. This system has 86 violations on record.