Lead in Louisiana Drinking Water
Ranked by 90th percentile lead level (ppb) · Data from EPA SDWIS & UCMR
Lead in Louisiana: what the data shows
Louisiana has 309 cities with lead monitoring data, with no cities exceeding the EPA action level of 15 ppb. The state average 90th percentile lead level is 1.5 ppb, compared to 3.3 ppb nationally — better than the national average. 1 city exceeds the 15 ppb action level. High lead levels in tap water typically indicate aging infrastructure — lead service lines, lead solder in older plumbing, or lead-containing brass fixtures. There is no safe level of lead exposure for children. The 90th percentile measurement means that 90% of tap samples in a city are at or below the reported level. This is the standard EPA uses under the Lead and Copper Rule to determine if a water system needs to take corrective action. An NSF 53-certified pitcher or under-sink filter can effectively remove lead at the tap.
Cities exceeding 15 ppb EPA Action Level
Lead data across Louisiana
Each dot is a city, colored by overall water quality grade. Cities with lead levels above the 15 ppb EPA action level are highlighted. Size reflects population served.
Top 10 cities by lead level in Louisiana
Highest Lead levels (ppb)
All Louisiana cities ranked by lead level
| # | City | Level | Level | Exceeds? | Violations | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jonesville | 18.0 ppb | Yes | 16 | C | |
| 2 | Campti | 12.2 ppb | No | 85 | F | |
| 3 | Ferriday | 11.4 ppb | No | 259 | F | |
| 4 | Shreveport | 11.3 ppb | No | 69 | F | |
| 5 | Greenwood | 10.0 ppb | No | 11 | C+ | |
| 6 | Monterey | 9.3 ppb | No | 5 | B- | |
| 7 | Mooringsport | 9.0 ppb | No | 84 | C+ | |
| 8 | New Iberia | 8.0 ppb | No | 30 | F | |
| 9 | Kentwood | 8.0 ppb | No | 28 | F | |
| 10 | Echo | 8.0 ppb | No | 4 | B+ | |
| 11 | Grand Coteau | 7.0 ppb | No | 21 | F | |
| 12 | Dry Prong | 6.0 ppb | No | 24 | F | |
| 13 | Delcambre | 5.7 ppb | No | 4 | B- | |
| 14 | New Orleans | 5.6 ppb | No | 27 | F | |
| 15 | Saline | 5.2 ppb | No | 97 | F | |
| 16 | Convent | 5.0 ppb | No | 30 | B+ | |
| 17 | Simsboro | 5.0 ppb | No | 10 | B- | |
| 18 | Independence | 5.0 ppb | No | 15 | D+ | |
| 19 | Homer | 4.7 ppb | No | 27 | F | |
| 20 | Breaux Bridge | 4.6 ppb | No | 34 | D | |
| 21 | Winnfield | 4.6 ppb | No | 184 | D+ | |
| 22 | Colfax | 4.5 ppb | No | 28 | F | |
| 23 | Slidell | 4.3 ppb | No | 73 | F | |
| 24 | Welsh | 4.2 ppb | No | 5 | A- | |
| 25 | Jeanerette | 4.0 ppb | No | 24 | C | |
| 26 | Effie | 4.0 ppb | No | 5 | A- | |
| 27 | Merryville | 4.0 ppb | No | 12 | B | |
| 28 | Grant | 4.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 29 | Collinston | 4.0 ppb | No | 16 | F | |
| 30 | Florien | 3.5 ppb | No | 9 | C | |
| 31 | Mamou | 3.4 ppb | No | 26 | D | |
| 32 | Centerville | 3.3 ppb | No | 8 | B | |
| 33 | New Llano | 3.1 ppb | No | 21 | C+ | |
| 34 | Goldonna | 3.1 ppb | No | 4 | B | |
| 35 | West Monroe | 3.0 ppb | No | 443 | D+ | |
| 36 | Cecilia | 3.0 ppb | No | 11 | B- | |
| 37 | Loreauville | 3.0 ppb | No | 15 | B- | |
| 38 | Prairieville | 3.0 ppb | No | 30 | F | |
| 39 | Pollock | 3.0 ppb | No | 17 | C- | |
| 40 | Dubach | 3.0 ppb | No | 92 | D+ | |
| 41 | Lena | 3.0 ppb | No | 5 | B+ | |
| 42 | Alanta | 3.0 ppb | No | 14 | F | |
| 43 | Plain Dealing | 3.0 ppb | No | 60 | F | |
| 44 | Palmetto | 3.0 ppb | No | 31 | D | |
| 45 | Gueydan | 3.0 ppb | No | 12 | F | |
| 46 | Mermentau | 3.0 ppb | No | 10 | B- | |
| 47 | Columbia | 2.8 ppb | No | 37 | D | |
| 48 | Harrisonburg | 2.7 ppb | No | 117 | D | |
| 49 | Jefferson | 2.7 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 50 | Rayville | 2.6 ppb | No | 122 | F | |
| 51 | Converse | 2.6 ppb | No | 67 | D | |
| 52 | Maurice | 2.5 ppb | No | 15 | C+ | |
| 53 | Leonville | 2.5 ppb | No | 17 | C+ | |
| 54 | Marion | 2.4 ppb | No | 225 | D | |
| 55 | Doyline | 2.3 ppb | No | 67 | D | |
| 56 | Belmont | 2.3 ppb | No | 53 | D | |
| 57 | Woodworth | 2.2 ppb | No | 5 | A- | |
| 58 | Hosston | 2.2 ppb | No | 32 | B+ | |
| 59 | Scott | 2.1 ppb | No | 12 | C- | |
| 60 | St Joseph | 2.1 ppb | No | 56 | F | |
| 61 | Pleasant Hill | 2.1 ppb | No | 15 | D | |
| 62 | Luling | 2.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 63 | Sulphur | 2.0 ppb | No | 24 | B+ | |
| 64 | Longville | 2.0 ppb | No | 5 | A- | |
| 65 | Napoleonville | 2.0 ppb | No | 27 | A- | |
| 66 | Many | 2.0 ppb | No | 257 | D+ | |
| 67 | Blanchard | 2.0 ppb | No | 26 | B+ | |
| 68 | Rayne | 2.0 ppb | No | 23 | C+ | |
| 69 | Deridder | 2.0 ppb | No | 4 | B+ | |
| 70 | Parks | 2.0 ppb | No | 15 | C | |
| 71 | Deville | 2.0 ppb | No | 1 | A | |
| 72 | Kinder | 2.0 ppb | No | 37 | F | |
| 73 | Westlake | 2.0 ppb | No | 22 | F | |
| 74 | Franklin | 2.0 ppb | No | 85 | D | |
| 75 | Jena | 2.0 ppb | No | 27 | D+ | |
| 76 | Delhi | 2.0 ppb | No | 21 | B+ | |
| 77 | Basile | 2.0 ppb | No | 32 | A- | |
| 78 | Singer | 2.0 ppb | No | 10 | A+ | |
| 79 | Rosepine | 2.0 ppb | No | 7 | B | |
| 80 | Slagle | 2.0 ppb | No | 0 | A- | |
| 81 | Downsville | 2.0 ppb | No | 132 | D | |
| 82 | Athens | 2.0 ppb | No | 10 | A- | |
| 83 | Abita Springs | 2.0 ppb | No | 6 | A | |
| 84 | Trout | 2.0 ppb | No | 8 | B- | |
| 85 | Erath | 2.0 ppb | No | 4 | A | |
| 86 | White Castle | 2.0 ppb | No | 8 | C- | |
| 87 | Sicily Island | 2.0 ppb | No | 17 | D | |
| 88 | Iota | 2.0 ppb | No | 12 | F | |
| 89 | Forest | 2.0 ppb | No | 3 | A | |
| 90 | Elton | 2.0 ppb | No | 10 | A- | |
| 91 | Melville | 2.0 ppb | No | 20 | F | |
| 92 | Cotton Valley | 2.0 ppb | No | 9 | C+ | |
| 93 | Wisner | 2.0 ppb | No | 8 | C- | |
| 94 | Newellton | 2.0 ppb | No | 60 | D | |
| 95 | Grosse Tete | 2.0 ppb | No | 4 | B | |
| 96 | Estherwood | 2.0 ppb | No | 5 | B | |
| 97 | Waterproof | 2.0 ppb | No | 14 | C | |
| 98 | Tickfaw | 2.0 ppb | No | 4 | A- | |
| 99 | Sun | 2.0 ppb | No | 16 | C | |
| 100 | Calvin | 2.0 ppb | No | 112 | D | |
| 101 | Bienville | 1.9 ppb | No | 23 | F | |
| 102 | Chalmette | 1.8 ppb | No | 23 | A- | |
| 103 | Ridgecrest | 1.8 ppb | No | 50 | D | |
| 104 | Anacoco | 1.7 ppb | No | 6 | B+ | |
| 105 | Angie | 1.6 ppb | No | 41 | F | |
| 106 | Pelican | 1.6 ppb | No | 4 | A | |
| 107 | Epps | 1.6 ppb | No | 17 | F | |
| 108 | Zwolle | 1.5 ppb | No | 229 | D | |
| 109 | Loranger | 1.5 ppb | No | 19 | F | |
| 110 | Ruston | 1.4 ppb | No | 20 | B | |
| 111 | Jennings | 1.4 ppb | No | 10 | B+ | |
| 112 | Oberlin | 1.4 ppb | No | 15 | B- | |
| 113 | Mansura | 1.4 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 114 | Shongaloo | 1.4 ppb | No | 2 | B | |
| 115 | Joyce | 1.4 ppb | No | 106 | D+ | |
| 116 | Farmerville | 1.3 ppb | No | 335 | D | |
| 117 | Grand Chenier | 1.3 ppb | No | 42 | D | |
| 118 | Abbeville | 1.2 ppb | No | 10 | B+ | |
| 119 | Vivian | 1.2 ppb | No | 16 | A- | |
| 120 | Iowa | 1.2 ppb | No | 4 | B+ | |
| 121 | Clarence | 1.2 ppb | No | 27 | D | |
| 122 | Fort Johnson | 1.1 ppb | No | 13 | A- | |
| 123 | Jonesboro | 1.1 ppb | No | 64 | D | |
| 124 | Haughton | 1.1 ppb | No | 27 | F | |
| 125 | Clayton | 1.1 ppb | No | 66 | D | |
| 126 | Houma | 1.0 ppb | No | 6 | B+ | |
| 127 | Denham Springs | 1.0 ppb | No | 6 | B | |
| 128 | Bossier City | 1.0 ppb | No | 109 | F | |
| 129 | Alexandria | 1.0 ppb | No | 113 | F | |
| 130 | Belle Chasse | 1.0 ppb | No | 112 | F | |
| 131 | Morgan City | 1.0 ppb | No | 20 | B | |
| 132 | Bogalusa | 1.0 ppb | No | 24 | D | |
| 133 | St. Martinville | 1.0 ppb | No | 80 | F | |
| 134 | Baker | 1.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 135 | Church Point | 1.0 ppb | No | 14 | C | |
| 136 | Grambling | 1.0 ppb | No | 49 | F | |
| 137 | Westwego | 1.0 ppb | No | 18 | B- | |
| 138 | Natchez | 1.0 ppb | No | 23 | A | |
| 139 | Crowville | 1.0 ppb | No | 4 | B | |
| 140 | Stonewall | 1.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 141 | Lake Providence | 1.0 ppb | No | 45 | F | |
| 142 | Oak Grove | 1.0 ppb | No | 21 | D | |
| 143 | Bently | 1.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 144 | Keatchie | 1.0 ppb | No | 32 | F | |
| 145 | Archibald | 1.0 ppb | No | 3 | A- | |
| 146 | Bordelonville | 1.0 ppb | No | 3 | A- | |
| 147 | Reeves | 1.0 ppb | No | 11 | A- | |
| 148 | Maringouin | 1.0 ppb | No | 7 | A- | |
| 149 | Clinton | 1.0 ppb | No | 3 | B+ | |
| 150 | Chatham | 1.0 ppb | No | 64 | D | |
| 151 | Pioneer | 1.0 ppb | No | 3 | B+ | |
| 152 | Oil City | 1.0 ppb | No | 98 | D | |
| 153 | Washington | 1.0 ppb | No | 9 | B+ | |
| 154 | Roseland | 1.0 ppb | No | 22 | B- | |
| 155 | Dodson | 1.0 ppb | No | 92 | D | |
| 156 | Summerfield | 1.0 ppb | No | 2 | A | |
| 157 | Simpson | 1.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 158 | Sterlington | 1.0 ppb | No | 36 | D | |
| 159 | Hineston | 1.0 ppb | No | 19 | A | |
| 160 | Eros | 1.0 ppb | No | 69 | D | |
| 161 | Elizabeth | 1.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 162 | Lisbon | 1.0 ppb | No | 5 | B | |
| 163 | Pitkin | 1.0 ppb | No | 5 | A | |
| 164 | Ponchatoula | 1.0 ppb | No | 13 | C | |
| 165 | Mandeville | 0.9 ppb | No | 170 | F | |
| 166 | Gibsland | 0.9 ppb | No | 20 | F | |
| 167 | Kelly | 0.9 ppb | No | 5 | A | |
| 168 | Hall Summit | 0.9 ppb | No | 3 | B+ | |
| 169 | Lake Charles | 0.8 ppb | No | 63 | F | |
| 170 | Amelia | 0.8 ppb | No | 4 | B- | |
| 171 | Krotz Springs | 0.8 ppb | No | 1 | B+ | |
| 172 | Grayson | 0.8 ppb | No | 70 | D | |
| 173 | Bastrop | 0.8 ppb | No | 46 | F | |
| 174 | Port Barre | 0.8 ppb | No | 13 | B+ | |
| 175 | Noble | 0.7 ppb | No | 28 | D | |
| 176 | Berwick | 0.7 ppb | No | 13 | B+ | |
| 177 | Springhill | 0.7 ppb | No | 7 | B | |
| 178 | Greensburg | 0.7 ppb | No | 14 | D | |
| 179 | Marksville | 0.7 ppb | No | 21 | B | |
| 180 | Pine Praire | 0.6 ppb | No | 5 | B- | |
| 181 | Egan | 0.6 ppb | No | 28 | F | |
| 182 | Sibley | 0.6 ppb | No | 8 | C- | |
| 183 | Minden | 0.6 ppb | No | 40 | F | |
| 184 | Bunkie | 0.5 ppb | No | 16 | D | |
| 185 | Sarepta | 0.5 ppb | No | 14 | C- | |
| 186 | Gramercy | 0.5 ppb | No | 61 | B- | |
| 187 | Oak Ridge | 0.5 ppb | No | 4 | A- | |
| 188 | Leesville | 0.5 ppb | No | 22 | C | |
| 189 | Coushatta | 0.4 ppb | No | 226 | F | |
| 190 | Logansport | 0.4 ppb | No | 28 | C- | |
| 191 | Plaquemine | 0.4 ppb | No | 26 | C- | |
| 192 | Lutcher | 0.4 ppb | No | 20 | B+ | |
| 193 | Sunset | 0.4 ppb | No | 21 | C+ | |
| 194 | Hammond | 0.4 ppb | No | 96 | F | |
| 195 | Carencro | 0.4 ppb | No | 3 | A- | |
| 196 | Oakdale | 0.4 ppb | No | 29 | D | |
| 197 | Heflin | 0.3 ppb | No | 15 | D+ | |
| 198 | Fordoche | 0.3 ppb | No | 2 | B- | |
| 199 | Patterson | 0.3 ppb | No | 13 | B- | |
| 200 | Castor | 0.3 ppb | No | 120 | D | |
| 201 | St. Landry | 0.3 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 202 | Pine Prairie | 0.3 ppb | No | 5 | F | |
| 203 | Hessmer | 0.3 ppb | No | 5 | B- | |
| 204 | Baton Rouge | 0.0 ppb | No | 30 | F | |
| 205 | Lafayette | 0.0 ppb | No | 42 | F | |
| 206 | Covington | 0.0 ppb | No | 93 | F | |
| 207 | Lockport | 0.0 ppb | No | 4 | A+ | |
| 208 | Monroe | 0.0 ppb | No | 64 | F | |
| 209 | Laplace | 0.0 ppb | No | 89 | D+ | |
| 210 | Opelousas | 0.0 ppb | No | 28 | C- | |
| 211 | Benton | 0.0 ppb | No | 43 | F | |
| 212 | Zachary | 0.0 ppb | No | 8 | B- | |
| 213 | Port Allen | 0.0 ppb | No | 19 | B- | |
| 214 | Natchitoches | 0.0 ppb | No | 20 | A | |
| 215 | Pineville | 0.0 ppb | No | 15 | F | |
| 216 | New Roads | 0.0 ppb | No | 15 | D | |
| 217 | Ville Platte | 0.0 ppb | No | 40 | F | |
| 218 | Tioga | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | A- | |
| 219 | Broussard | 0.0 ppb | No | 12 | B- | |
| 220 | Youngsville | 0.0 ppb | No | 11 | C- | |
| 221 | Duson | 0.0 ppb | No | 12 | C- | |
| 222 | Mansfield | 0.0 ppb | No | 191 | F | |
| 223 | Gretna | 0.0 ppb | No | 19 | A- | |
| 224 | Gonzales | 0.0 ppb | No | 16 | A- | |
| 225 | Walker | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | A- | |
| 226 | Thibodaux | 0.0 ppb | No | 27 | A- | |
| 227 | Ethel | 0.0 ppb | No | 11 | A | |
| 228 | St. Francisville | 0.0 ppb | No | 9 | B+ | |
| 229 | Milton | 0.0 ppb | No | 40 | F | |
| 230 | Livingston | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | B+ | |
| 231 | Barksdale Afb | 0.0 ppb | No | 16 | A | |
| 232 | Lake Arthur | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 233 | Albany | 0.0 ppb | No | 16 | D | |
| 234 | Tallulah | 0.0 ppb | No | 51 | F | |
| 235 | Donaldsonville | 0.0 ppb | No | 69 | C | |
| 236 | Boyce | 0.0 ppb | No | 18 | B+ | |
| 237 | Gilbert | 0.0 ppb | No | 158 | F | |
| 238 | Keithville | 0.0 ppb | No | 44 | D | |
| 239 | Lawtell | 0.0 ppb | No | 11 | A- | |
| 240 | Eunice | 0.0 ppb | No | 20 | B- | |
| 241 | Charenton | 0.0 ppb | No | 15 | B+ | |
| 242 | Winnsboro | 0.0 ppb | No | 17 | F | |
| 243 | Arnaudville | 0.0 ppb | No | 44 | C | |
| 244 | Bernice | 0.0 ppb | No | 90 | D+ | |
| 245 | Franklinton | 0.0 ppb | No | 25 | B | |
| 246 | Jackson | 0.0 ppb | No | 20 | B+ | |
| 247 | Angola | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | A | |
| 248 | Vidalia | 0.0 ppb | No | 3 | B- | |
| 249 | Choudrant | 0.0 ppb | No | 43 | D | |
| 250 | Kaplan | 0.0 ppb | No | 29 | B- | |
| 251 | Amite | 0.0 ppb | No | 13 | C | |
| 252 | Turkey Creek | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A | |
| 253 | Bell City | 0.0 ppb | No | 14 | B+ | |
| 254 | Vinton | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | B+ | |
| 255 | Ringgold | 0.0 ppb | No | 68 | F | |
| 256 | Dequincy | 0.0 ppb | No | 4 | A+ | |
| 257 | Haynesville | 0.0 ppb | No | 5 | B- | |
| 258 | Glenmora | 0.0 ppb | No | 17 | B- | |
| 259 | Arcadia | 0.0 ppb | No | 16 | C | |
| 260 | Plaucheville | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 261 | Calhoun | 0.0 ppb | No | 36 | C- | |
| 262 | Forest Hill | 0.0 ppb | No | 3 | A | |
| 263 | Pearl River | 0.0 ppb | No | 3 | A | |
| 264 | Kilbourne | 0.0 ppb | No | 12 | C+ | |
| 265 | Quitman | 0.0 ppb | No | 32 | F | |
| 266 | Starks | 0.0 ppb | No | 3 | A- | |
| 267 | Elmer | 0.0 ppb | No | 6 | A- | |
| 268 | Cottonport | 0.0 ppb | No | 14 | C+ | |
| 269 | Olla | 0.0 ppb | No | 31 | C- | |
| 270 | Mer Rouge | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | A- | |
| 271 | Provencal | 0.0 ppb | No | 89 | D | |
| 272 | Hornbeck | 0.0 ppb | No | 0 | A- | |
| 273 | Cankton | 0.0 ppb | No | 9 | B+ | |
| 274 | Start | 0.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 275 | Innis | 0.0 ppb | No | 1 | A- | |
| 276 | Bethany | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 277 | Madisonville | 0.0 ppb | No | 8 | C+ | |
| 278 | Evergreen | 0.0 ppb | No | 4 | A- | |
| 279 | Simmesport | 0.0 ppb | No | 7 | B- | |
| 280 | Folsom | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 281 | Slaughter | 0.0 ppb | No | 0 | A- | |
| 282 | Cameron | 0.0 ppb | No | 26 | B- | |
| 283 | Elm Grove | 0.0 ppb | No | 25 | D | |
| 284 | Dubberly | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | B+ | |
| 285 | Moureauville | 0.0 ppb | No | 1 | B | |
| 286 | Montgomery | 0.0 ppb | No | 22 | F | |
| 287 | Morrow | 0.0 ppb | No | 0 | B+ | |
| 288 | Cheneyville | 0.0 ppb | No | 6 | B- | |
| 289 | Johnson Bayou | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A | |
| 290 | Hodge | 0.0 ppb | No | 44 | D | |
| 291 | Cullen | 0.0 ppb | No | 10 | D+ | |
| 292 | Livonia | 0.0 ppb | No | 0 | A- | |
| 293 | Bonita | 0.0 ppb | No | 95 | D | |
| 294 | Transylvania | 0.0 ppb | No | 30 | F | |
| 295 | Mount Hermon | 0.0 ppb | No | 6 | C | |
| 296 | Morganza | 0.0 ppb | No | 0 | A- | |
| 297 | Mangham | 0.0 ppb | No | 5 | B+ | |
| 298 | Hackberry | 0.0 ppb | No | 10 | A | |
| 299 | Clarks | 0.0 ppb | No | 6 | C | |
| 300 | Morse | 0.0 ppb | No | 8 | B- | |
| 301 | Tullos | 0.0 ppb | No | 84 | D | |
| 302 | Urania | 0.0 ppb | No | 2 | A- | |
| 303 | Tangipahoa | 0.0 ppb | No | 20 | B- | |
| 304 | Wilson | 0.0 ppb | No | 8 | C | |
| 305 | Springfield | 0.0 ppb | No | 25 | F | |
| 306 | Rosedale | 0.0 ppb | No | 9 | B- | |
| 307 | Sikes | 0.0 ppb | No | 121 | F | |
| 308 | Carville | 0.0 ppb | No | 1 | B+ | |
| 309 | Creole | 0.0 ppb | No | 33 | D+ |
Frequently asked questions about lead in Louisiana
Is lead in Louisiana tap water a concern?
Yes — 1 of 309 cities with lead data exceed the EPA action level of 15 ppb. The state average is 1.5 ppb. Even below the action level, lead poses health risks especially for children and pregnant women. If your home was built before 1986, consider testing your tap water directly.
How can I reduce lead exposure from Louisiana tap water?
Use an NSF 53-certified water filter, which is specifically certified to reduce lead. Run your cold tap for 30 seconds before drinking or cooking, especially if water has been sitting in pipes for hours. Never use hot tap water for cooking or making baby formula, as heat increases lead leaching from pipes.
Which Louisiana cities have the highest lead levels?
The cities with the highest 90th percentile lead levels in Louisiana are: Jonesville (18.0 ppb), Campti (12.2 ppb), Ferriday (11.4 ppb), Shreveport (11.3 ppb), Greenwood (10.0 ppb). See the full ranked table above.