01The verdict: is Wake Forest water safe?
Wake Forest's drinking water has significant quality concerns based on EPA testing data. With a grade of F (43/100), the system has issues across multiple categories. A water filter is recommended for all residents. The city's 31 water systems serve approximately 2,619 residents using groundwater (wells).
Copper is over its legal limit
Measured at 1.41 mg/L against the EPA Action Level of 1.3 mg/L. The ledger below shows how far over — and which filter removes it.
See the measurement ↓Lead is well under the limit
90th-percentile lead is 0.0 ppb — beneath the 15 ppb federal action level and under the 5 ppb watch threshold.
See the trend ↓68 violations in the last five years
Recent compliance history is the best predictor of future problems — the year-by-year record is below.
See the record ↓Wake Forest's drinking water received a grade of F (43 out of 100), indicating failing water quality. The city's 31 water systems serve approximately 2,619 residents using groundwater.
Lead levels were measured at 0.0 ppb (90th percentile), well within EPA limits. This system has not yet been tested for PFAS under the EPA UCMR 5 program. The system has 377 violations on record, including 48 health-based violations. 134 remain unresolved.
Wake Forest ranks #352 out of 400 cities in North Carolina for water quality, placing it among the lowest-rated in the state. Wake Forest relies on groundwater, which is generally less vulnerable to surface contamination but can be affected by naturally occurring minerals like arsenic and nitrate, as well as agricultural and industrial runoff. As a small community water system, Wake Forest may have fewer resources for advanced treatment technologies and infrastructure upgrades compared to larger utilities. The system has seen 68 violations in the past five years, suggesting a pattern of compliance challenges that residents should monitor closely.
02What's in Wake Forest's water
Every contaminant flagged in Wake Forest, on one shared scale: distance to its own legal limit. The red line is the limit — anything past it is out of compliance, and the closer a bar gets, the less headroom the system has.
Over Limit — EPA Action Level: 1.3 mg/L
Exceeds the EPA action level. Copper leaches from household plumbing — flush taps for 30 seconds before drinking, and consider a certified filter.Full contaminants report
| Contaminant | Detected Level | EPA Limit | Unit | Category | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (90th percentile) LeadHeavy Metal A toxic heavy metal that can leach into drinking water from older pipes, solder, and fixtures. No amount of lead in water is considered safe. Health EffectsBrain and nervous system damage in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and reproductive problems in adults. EPA Limit15 ppb action level Common SourcesCorrosion of lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets, and household plumbing. | 0.0 | 15 | ppb | Inorganic | Safe |
| Copper (90th percentile) CopperInorganic A metal that enters drinking water mainly through corrosion of copper plumbing. Small amounts are essential for health, but excess levels are harmful. Health EffectsGastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) at short-term high levels; liver and kidney damage from long-term exposure. EPA Limit1.3 mg/L action level Common SourcesCorrosion of copper household plumbing, erosion of natural deposits. | 1.41 | 1.3 | mg/L | Inorganic | Over Limit |
Cities ranked by 90th-percentile lead PF PFAS in North Carolina
Cities ranked by compounds detected Cu Copper in North Carolina
Cities ranked by 90th-percentile copper
03Wake Forest's ten-year track record
Each box is one year. A green check means no EPA violations; a numbered badge counts that year's violations — red if any were health-based, amber if they were monitoring or paperwork issues. The system has 377 violations on record, including 48 health-based violations. 134 remain unresolved.
1 of the last ten years was clean. The numbered years had EPA violations — red when any were health-based, amber when they were paperwork or missed-testing issues.
▼ Down 30 ppb since 1994. Latest reading: 0 ppb (2025) — 0% of the action level. Sampled at higher-risk homes (90th percentile).
▼ Down 0.10 mg/L since 1996. The latest reading (1.4 mg/L, 2022) is over the action level. Sampled at higher-risk homes (90th percentile).
04Where Wake Forest's water comes from
Wake Forest's drinking water is drawn from underground aquifers through wells.
Groundwater
Underground aquifers reached by wells — naturally filtered, but can carry minerals like arsenic and nitrate.
Local treatment
Groundwater generally needs less treatment — typically disinfection and, where needed, mineral removal.
31 systems
31 water systems, operated under private ownership.
2,619 people
Residents served across Wake Forest's service area.
Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil layers, generally requiring less treatment than surface water. However, it can contain naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and minerals. Agricultural activity, septic systems, and industrial operations near well fields can introduce nitrates, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. The system is operated by private ownership and serves approximately 2,619 people through 31 water systems.
| System name | PWSID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEW LIGHT MASTER | NC4392224 | 2,619 | Groundwater |
| DEERCHASE S/D | NC0392389 | 757 | Groundwater |
| COTESWORTH DOWN S/D | NC4392125 | 510 | Groundwater |
| THOMPSON MILLS S/D | NC0392098 | 460 | Groundwater |
| MATHERLY S/D | NC0392379 | 353 | Groundwater |
| BLACKSTONE MEADOWS | NC4092091 | 246 | Groundwater |
| CRESCENT RIDGE S/D | NC4092011 | 242 | Groundwater |
| GREYCLIFF MASTER | NC4092083 | 235 | Groundwater |
| GALLOWAY S/D | NC4092027 | 231 | Groundwater |
| TUCKAHOE S/D | NC0392333 | 221 | Groundwater |
| CAMBERLY S/D | NC4092151 | 203 | Groundwater |
| JONES DAIRY FARM S/D | NC0392084 | 175 | Groundwater |
| BERKLEE RESERVE | NC4092158 | 123 | Groundwater |
| MILL RACE | NC4392133 | 122 | Groundwater |
| HARRISON RIDGE SUBDIVISION | NC4092074 | 117 | Groundwater |
| LA VENTANA S/D | NC4392155 | 112 | Groundwater |
| SUNSET MANOR S/D | NC4092094 | 97 | Groundwater |
| WINDEMERE S/D | NC0392347 | 96 | Groundwater |
| A COUNTRY PLACE | NC0392222 | 89 | Groundwater |
| CHESTERFIELD VILLAGE | NC4392107 | 89 | Groundwater |
| KINGSTON MANOR S/D | NC4092133 | 88 | Groundwater |
| OLD FARM CROSSING S/D | NC4092048 | 84 | Groundwater |
| PHILLIPS LANDING S/D | NC0392371 | 81 | Groundwater |
| VERNON PLACE S/D | NC4092162 | 64 | Groundwater |
| BAY LAUREL S/D | NC4392109 | 58 | Groundwater |
| AVALYN S/D | NC4092165 | 58 | Groundwater |
| YARDLEY S/D | NC4092171 | 56 | Groundwater |
| REMINGTON FOREST S/D | NC4092028 | 45 | Groundwater |
| ETHAN MEADOWS S/D | NC4092144 | 43 | Groundwater |
| WHITE FLAG AT DEERCHASE S/D | NC4092014 | 26 | Groundwater |
| WHISPERING PINES MHP | NC0392207 | 25 | Groundwater |
Water bodies near Wake Forest
These water bodies shape the regional watershed and can indirectly affect groundwater quality.
05Pressure on Wake Forest's watershed
Outside forces that shape what reaches the treatment plant. None of these is a verdict on the tap by itself — but each adds pressure worth knowing about.
Industrial discharge
5 facilities within 10 miles reported 23k lb released to surface water in the latest EPA Toxics Release Inventory. Proximity doesn't equal tap contamination — treatment and hydrology decide — but it's pressure on the watershed.
Flood & storm history
7 federal disaster declarations on record for Wake County. Flooding and severe storms can overwhelm treatment plants, cause sewage overflows, and push runoff into supplies.
Drought
Wake County is in D4 (exceptional drought) per the U.S. Drought Monitor (week of Jul 2026). Drought can raise disinfection-byproduct levels and taste/odor issues as utilities draw from lower reservoirs.
06How Wake Forest compares
Scores for nearby North Carolina cities on one line, with the average marked.
dashed line = North Carolina average (43/100)
Wake Forest scores 43/100 — on par with the North Carolina average of 43/100. It outscores 8 of 10 nearby cities. Full North Carolina rankings →
36.5 / 100FRaleigh, NC
30.7 / 100AClemmons, NC
86 / 100FDurham, NC
36.6 / 100FGreensboro, NC
33.5 / 100FCary, NC
34.6 / 100
Compare all cities in the county — grades, violations, and contaminant data side by side.→
07What to do at home
Steps matched to what testing actually found in Wake Forest's water — not generic advice.
Filter drinking & cooking water
NSF-certified water filter. Copper exceeds the EPA action level of 1.3 mg/L
Compare tested filters →Read your utility's annual report
Every utility must publish a yearly Consumer Confidence Report with its own testing results. It pairs well with the independent data on this page.
How to read a CCR →Watch for Wake Forest alerts
This area has a history of flood declarations — after severe weather, watch for boil-water advisories from the utility, and check the live alerts on this page.
All water alerts →Frequently asked questions
Is Wake Forest, NC tap water safe to drink?
Wake Forest's water quality earned a grade of F (43/100). Significant issues have been found. A water filter is strongly recommended. The city ranks #352 out of 400 cities tested in North Carolina.
What contaminants are in Wake Forest's water?
Lead was measured at 0.0 ppb (90th percentile). 377 violations are on record.
How is Wake Forest's water quality grade calculated?
The grade is based on four factors: violation history (40%), lead and copper levels (25%), PFAS contamination (25%), and regulatory compliance (10%). The score is also adjusted based on how complete the available data is. See our methodology page for full details.
Do I need a water filter in Wake Forest?
Based on current data, basic filtration should suffice for additional peace of mind.
Where does Wake Forest's water come from?
Wake Forest's water is sourced from Groundwater. The city has 31 water systems serving approximately 2,619 residents.
What health violations has Wake Forest's water system had?
Wake Forest has 48 health-based violations on record. The most recent violation was recorded in October 2025. Health-based violations mean the water exceeded EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a regulated substance. 134 violations remain unresolved.
Is Wake Forest's groundwater at risk of contamination?
Wake Forest uses groundwater, which can be affected by naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate, as well as agricultural runoff and industrial activity. The system has 377 violations on record that may relate to groundwater quality. Groundwater systems are generally less susceptible to surface contamination but should be monitored for emerging contaminants like PFAS.
How does Wake Forest's water compare to other cities?
Wake Forest ranks #352 out of 400 cities in North Carolina (better than 12% of state cities) and #14371 out of 15382 cities nationally (7th percentile). The grade of F reflects the combined assessment of violation history, lead and copper levels, PFAS contamination, and regulatory compliance.