Is Jacksonville, FL Tap Water Safe to Drink?
Graded F — but Strontium and Chlorate were detected above EPA limits. Here's what's in the water and how to remove it. What to do next ↓
39.7/100
waterverge.com Jacksonville, FL — Water Quality Report
Jacksonville's drinking water received a grade of F (39.7 out of 100), indicating failing water quality. The city's 20 water systems serve approximately 929,027 residents using groundwater.
Lead levels were measured at 1.0 ppb (90th percentile), well within EPA limits. UCMR 5 testing detected 3 PFAS compounds in the water supply.
The system has 388 violations on record, including 116 health-based violations. 82 remain unresolved.
What to know about Jacksonville's water
Jacksonville ranks #355 out of 388 cities in Florida for water quality, placing it among the lowest-rated in the state.
Jacksonville relies on groundwater, which is generally less vulnerable to surface contamination but can be affected by naturally occurring minerals like arsenic and nitrate, as well as agricultural and industrial runoff.
PFAS compounds were detected in testing, though levels remain within current EPA limits. Residents seeking extra precaution may consider an activated carbon or reverse osmosis filter.
Hexavalent chromium (chromium-6) was detected at 0.10 µg/L in UCMR 3 testing. While below California's 10 µg/L limit and with no federal MCL set, residents sensitive to this contaminant may consider reverse osmosis filtration.
As a major metropolitan system serving over 929K residents, Jacksonville faces large-scale infrastructure challenges including aging pipes and the complexity of treating water across a vast distribution network.
The system has seen 50 violations in the past five years, suggesting a pattern of compliance challenges that residents should monitor closely.
Water quality score
See methodology →Is Jacksonville, FL water safe to drink?
Jacksonville's drinking water has significant quality concerns based on EPA testing data. With a grade of F (39.7/100), the system has issues across multiple categories. A water filter is recommended for all residents. The city's 20 water systems serve approximately 929,027 residents using groundwater (wells).
Recent water quality updates for Jacksonville
A timeline of significant water quality events, violations, and data updates.
Detected at levels within current EPA limits. PFAS persist indefinitely in the environment.
Latest EPA compliance and testing data incorporated into Jacksonville's water quality assessment. Grade: F (39.7/100).
Contaminants: E. COLI.
Contaminants: Consumer Confidence Rule.
Contaminants: Revised Total Coliform Rule, E. COLI.
Federal disaster declaration (FEMA DR-4834). Hurricane event — may have impacted local water infrastructure.
Key contaminant findings
Based on the most recent EPA sampling data for Jacksonville's water supply.
Well within EPA limits.
Detected but within current EPA limits. PFAS do not break down in the environment and can accumulate in the body over time. An activated carbon filter can reduce exposure.
PFAS "forever chemicals" detected
UCMR 5 testing found 3 PFAS compounds in Jacksonville's water supply. PFAS are synthetic chemicals that persist indefinitely in the environment and the human body.
Violation history
Jacksonville's water system has 388 total violations on record, including 116 health-based violations. 82 remain unresolved. 50 violations were issued in the last 5 years.
Flood & environmental risk
Duval County has experienced 10 federally declared disasters since 2019. Flooding and severe storms can overwhelm water treatment plants, cause sewage overflows, and introduce agricultural runoff, bacteria, and sediment into drinking water supplies. Local water sources include Ortega River, Cedar River, St. Johns River, Pottsburg Creek Nr South Jacksonville, Fla., Pottsburg Crk.
Where does Jacksonville's water come from?
Jacksonville's drinking water comes from groundwater (wells), supplied by 20 water systems serving approximately 929,027 people. Groundwater is generally less susceptible to surface contamination but can contain naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate. Nearby water bodies include Ortega River (river), Cedar River (stream), St. Johns River (stream), Pottsburg Creek Nr South Jacksonville, Fla. (river), Pottsburg Crk (stream).
What Jacksonville residents can do
Recommended: Activated carbon or reverse osmosis filter. This addresses the specific contaminants found in Jacksonville's water.
Your water utility is required to publish an annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) with detailed testing results. Ask for the latest copy or check your utility's website.
Jacksonville's area has a history of flooding. After severe weather, watch for boil water advisories from your local utility.
Data: EPA SDWIS, UCMR 5 (PFAS), FEMA, NOAA. Last updated May 2026.
Top contaminants to know
View all ↓Forever chemicals overview
National PFAS report →Violation summary
Violations & advisories
Top industrial polluters within 10 miles of Jacksonville
Industrial polluters nearby
Reported releases to surface water by facilities near Jacksonville, ranked by pounds discharged annually.
Total reported releases to surface water: 57,065 lbs
| Facility | Top chemical | To surface water (lbs/yr) | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
US NAVY NAVAL AIR STATION JACKSONVILLE JACKSONVILLE, FL322120050 | Nitrate compounds (water dissociable; reportable only when in aqueous solution) | 46,993 | 7.6 mi |
NORTHSIDE GENERATING STATION JACKSONVILLE, FL32226 | Nickel compounds | 6,448 | 8.2 mi |
WESTROCK CP LLC JACKSONVILLE, FL32218 | Hydrogen sulfide | 3,423 | 6.8 mi |
METALPLATE GALVANIZING LP JACKSONVILLE, FL32219 | Zinc compounds | 200 | 7.3 mi |
OWENS CORNING JACKSONVILLE, FL32206 | Copper compounds | 1 | 1.8 mi |
Source: EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) 2023
Superfund sites within 10 miles of Jacksonville
Superfund sites nearby
Federally tracked hazardous-waste sites on the EPA National Priorities List. Proximity does not necessarily indicate tap-water contamination — the connection depends on hydrology and treatment.
- KERR MCGEE CHEMICAL CORP JACKSONVILLE2.2 mi
- PICKETTVILLE ROAD LANDFILL5.1 mi
- JACKSONVILLE NAVAL AIR STATION8.1 mi
Source: EPA Superfund National Priorities List
Drought conditions
D4 — exceptional droughtDuval County is currently in D4 (exceptional drought) per the U.S. Drought Monitor (week of May 5, 2026). 0.3% of the county is in D4 (exceptional) drought. Drought can elevate disinfection-byproduct (TTHM/HAA5) levels and taste/odor issues as utilities draw from lower reservoirs.
Source: U.S. Drought Monitor, updated weekly by NDMC, USDA, and NOAA.
Flood & disaster history
Duval County has experienced 10 federally declared disasters since 2019. Flooding and severe weather can compromise water treatment infrastructure and introduce contaminants into drinking water supplies.
Recommended water filters
Based on contaminants detected in Jacksonville's water supply, we recommend the following filter types.
Full contaminants report
| Contaminant | Detected Level | EPA Limit | Unit | Category | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (90th percentile) LeadHeavy Metal A toxic heavy metal that can leach into drinking water from older pipes, solder, and fixtures. No amount of lead in water is considered safe. Health EffectsBrain and nervous system damage in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and reproductive problems in adults. EPA Limit15 ppb action level Common SourcesCorrosion of lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets, and household plumbing. | 1.0 | 15 | ppb | Inorganic | Safe |
| 11Cl-PF3OUdS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 4:2 FTS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 6:2 FTS 6:2 FTSPFAS A fluorotelomer sulfonate commonly found at sites contaminated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) used in firefighting. Health EffectsPotential liver toxicity and endocrine disruption. Less studied but identified as a contaminant of concern. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), airports, military bases, and industrial facilities. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 8:2 FTS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 9Cl-PF3ONS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| ADONA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| HFPO-DA HFPO-DA (GenX)PFAS A replacement for PFOA in manufacturing, marketed as safer but still a persistent "forever chemical." Also known as GenX. Health EffectsLiver and kidney effects, reproductive toxicity, immune system effects, and potential cancer risk. EPA Limit10 ppt MCL Common SourcesFluoropolymer manufacturing (used as PFOA replacement), industrial wastewater discharge. | ND | 0.01 | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| lithium LithiumInorganic A naturally occurring alkali metal found in groundwater. Monitored under UCMR 5 to assess occurrence in drinking water. Health EffectsKidney effects at high doses. Low-level exposure effects under study; some research suggests neurological effects. EPA LimitNo MCL (monitoring only under UCMR 5) Common SourcesNatural mineral deposits, geothermal water, and industrial discharge. | 14.000 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| NEtFOSAA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| NFDHA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| NMeFOSAA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFBA PFBAPFAS One of the shortest-chain PFAS compounds. Very mobile in water and difficult to remove with standard filtration. Health EffectsThyroid effects, potential developmental toxicity. Shorter half-life in body than long-chain PFAS. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesDegradation of longer-chain PFAS, industrial discharge, and firefighting foam. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFBS PFBSPFAS A short-chain PFAS used as a replacement for PFOS. While it clears the body faster than long-chain PFAS, it still persists in the environment. Health EffectsThyroid effects, reproductive and developmental toxicity, kidney effects. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam, and as a replacement chemical in manufacturing. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFDA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFDoA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFEESA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHpA PFHpAPFAS A medium-chain PFAS compound found in various environmental samples. Less studied than PFOA/PFOS but still considered a contaminant of concern. Health EffectsLiver effects, potential developmental toxicity, and endocrine disruption. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesDegradation of longer-chain PFAS, industrial discharge, and contaminated water sources. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHpS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHxA PFHxAPFAS A short-chain PFAS replacement chemical widely used after manufacturers phased out longer-chain PFAS. Very commonly detected in water. Health EffectsLiver and kidney effects, potential thyroid disruption. Considered less toxic than long-chain PFAS but still persistent. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesIndustrial processes, firefighting foam (AFFF), food packaging, and textile treatment. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHxS PFHxSPFAS A medium-chain PFAS found in firefighting foam and consumer products. It has a long half-life in the human body, similar to long-chain PFAS. Health EffectsImmune system effects, thyroid disruption, and potential reproductive and developmental harm. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), waterproof textiles, food packaging, and industrial discharge. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFMBA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFMPA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFNA PFNAPFAS A long-chain PFAS compound used in manufacturing fluoropolymers. It bioaccumulates in the body and is very persistent in the environment. Health EffectsDevelopmental effects, liver toxicity, immune suppression, and potential cancer risk. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesFluoropolymer manufacturing, industrial emissions, and contaminated water sources. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFOA PFOAPFAS A long-chain PFAS ("forever chemical") once widely used in nonstick coatings and firefighting foam. It persists in the body and environment for years. Health EffectsLinked to kidney and testicular cancer, thyroid disease, elevated cholesterol, and reproductive issues. EPA Limit4.0 ppt MCL Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam (AFFF), nonstick cookware manufacturing, and contaminated groundwater. | ND | 0.004 | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFOS PFOSPFAS A long-chain PFAS compound historically used in stain-resistant coatings and firefighting foam. One of the most studied and persistent PFAS chemicals. Health EffectsLiver damage, immune system suppression, thyroid disruption, increased cholesterol, and potential cancer risk. EPA Limit4.0 ppt MCL Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), industrial sites, stain-resistant fabric treatments, and contaminated groundwater. | ND | 0.004 | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFPeA PFPeAPFAS A short-chain PFAS compound commonly detected in drinking water. One of the most frequently found PFAS in UCMR 5 monitoring. Health EffectsLess studied than PFOA/PFOS. Potential liver and thyroid effects. Research is ongoing. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam degradation, and consumer products. | 0.007 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFPeS | 0.005 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFTA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFTrDA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFUnA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
Lead level trend (90th percentile)
See how Jacksonville compares by contaminant
Explore where Jacksonville ranks among all Florida cities for specific contaminants.
Water source & infrastructure
Where Jacksonville's water comes from
Jacksonville's drinking water is drawn from underground aquifers through wells.
Groundwater is naturally filtered through rock and soil layers, generally requiring less treatment than surface water. However, it can contain naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and minerals.
Agricultural activity, septic systems, and industrial operations near well fields can introduce nitrates, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.
The system is operated by local government ownership and serves approximately 929,027 people through 20 water systems.
Water bodies near Jacksonville
Jacksonville is located near 5 notable water bodies. These water bodies contribute to the regional watershed and may indirectly affect groundwater quality.
Water systems serving Jacksonville
| System Name | PWSID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| JEA MAJOR GRID | FL2161328 | 826,664 | GW |
| JEA: LOFTON OAKS GRID | FL2454338 | 24,318 | GW |
| JACKSONVILLE BEACH WTP | FL2160563 | 23,352 | GW |
| N.A.S. JACKSONVILLE | FL2161212 | 22,000 | GW |
| N.S. MAYPORT | FL2160734 | 20,500 | GW |
| JEA: PONTE VEDRA GRID | FL2550908 | 5,395 | GW |
| JACKSONVILLE UNIVERSITY | FL2160568 | 3,480 | GW |
| NEIGHBORHOOD UTILITIES (TIMBER CREEK) | FL2164279 | 1,015 | GW |
| SADDLE BROOK LANDINGS | FL2164003 | 1,000 | GW |
| CRYSTAL SPRINGS ESTATES MHP | FL2160390 | 350 | GW |
| JEA: MAYPORT WTP | FL2160735 | 257 | GW |
| TRANSITION HOUSE AT DINSMORE | FL2164401 | 150 | GW |
| YUKON INDUSTRIES, LTD. | FL2160601 | 100 | GW |
| SWEET LAKE MOBILE HOME PARK | MI0040474 | 80 | GW |
| MHP JACKSONVILLE AIR, LLC | FL2160824 | 75 | GW |
| NORMANDY RYZE LLC | FL2164494 | 75 | GW |
| DANIEL MEMORIAL | FL2160254 | 60 | GW |
| BELLE OAKS WTP | FL2164400 | 60 | GW |
| BARCELONA APARTMENTS | FL2161337 | 56 | GW |
| STUDY ESTATES MHP | FL2160654 | 40 | GW |
How Jacksonville compares
Full Florida rankings →Jacksonville's score of 39.7/100 is below the average of 52/100 among major Florida cities. It outscores 4 of 10 nearby cities. 6 of 10 nearby cities score higher.
Nearby cities
View Florida rankings →Compare Jacksonville water quality
Head-to-head reports vs other large US cities — grades, lead, PFAS, and Superfund / TRI proximity.
- Jacksonville vs Miami, FL
- Jacksonville vs Orlando, FL
- Jacksonville vs Tampa, FL
- Jacksonville vs Fort Worth, TX
- Jacksonville vs Tucson, AZ
About Jacksonville, FL
Wikipedia →Jacksonville is the most populous city proper in the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of northeastern Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city consolidated in 1968. It is the tenth-most populous U.S. city and the largest city in the Southeast, with a population of 949,611 at the official 2020 U.S. census. The Jacksonville metropolitan area, at over 1.76 million residents, is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Florida and 38th-largest in the United States. City-county consolidation greatly increased Jacksonville's official population and extended its boundaries, placing most of Duval County's population within the new municipal limits; Jacksonville grew to 900 square miles. It is the largest city by total area, land and water, in the contiguous United States.
Learn more about your water
Guides and resources related to Jacksonville's water quality findings.
Explore water quality across Duval
Frequently asked questions
Is Jacksonville, FL tap water safe to drink?
Jacksonville's water quality earned a grade of F (39.7/100). Significant issues have been found. A water filter is strongly recommended. The city ranks #355 out of 388 cities tested in Florida.
What contaminants are in Jacksonville's water?
Lead was measured at 1.0 ppb (90th percentile). 3 PFAS compounds were detected. 388 violations are on record.
How is Jacksonville's water quality grade calculated?
The grade is based on four factors: violation history (40%), lead and copper levels (25%), PFAS contamination (25%), and regulatory compliance (10%). The score is also adjusted based on how complete the available data is. See our methodology page for full details.
Do I need a water filter in Jacksonville?
PFAS compounds have been detected. A filter with activated carbon can help reduce exposure.
Where does Jacksonville's water come from?
Jacksonville's water is sourced from Groundwater. The city has 20 water systems serving approximately 929,027 residents.
What health violations has Jacksonville's water system had?
Jacksonville has 116 health-based violations on record. The most recent violation was recorded in August 2025. Health-based violations mean the water exceeded EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a regulated substance. 82 violations remain unresolved.
Is Jacksonville's groundwater at risk of contamination?
Jacksonville uses groundwater, which can be affected by naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic, radon, and nitrate, as well as agricultural runoff and industrial activity. The system has 388 violations on record that may relate to groundwater quality. Groundwater systems are generally less susceptible to surface contamination but should be monitored for emerging contaminants like PFAS.
Why does Jacksonville have so many PFAS compounds in its water?
3 different PFAS "forever chemical" compounds were detected in Jacksonville's water supply during UCMR 5 testing. PFAS contamination often originates from proximity to military installations (AFFF firefighting foam), airports, industrial manufacturing sites, or wastewater treatment facilities. While detected, current levels are within EPA limits. An activated carbon filter can further reduce exposure.
How does Jacksonville's water compare to other cities?
Jacksonville ranks #355 out of 388 cities in Florida (better than 9% of state cities) and #15225 out of 15744 cities nationally (3th percentile). The grade of F reflects the combined assessment of violation history, lead and copper levels, PFAS contamination, and regulatory compliance.