Is Fresno, CA Tap Water Safe to Drink?
Graded F — but Copper, Chromium-6 and 3 more were detected above EPA limits. Here's what's in the water and how to remove it. What to do next ↓
33.2/100
waterverge.com Fresno, CA — Water Quality Report
Fresno's drinking water received a grade of F (33.2 out of 100), indicating failing water quality. The city's 41 water systems serve approximately 624,727 residents using surface water.
Lead levels were measured at 0.0 ppb (90th percentile), well within EPA limits. UCMR 5 testing detected 10 PFAS compounds, with levels exceeding EPA maximum contaminant levels in the water supply.
The system has 1141 violations on record, including 523 health-based violations. 116 remain unresolved.
What to know about Fresno's water
Fresno ranks #691 out of 694 cities in California for water quality, placing it among the lowest-rated in the state.
The city draws from surface water sources, which are more susceptible to seasonal runoff and agricultural contamination, requiring extensive multi-barrier treatment including coagulation, filtration, and disinfection.
Of particular concern: PFAS "forever chemical" levels exceed the 2024 EPA maximum contaminant levels. These synthetic compounds don't break down naturally and require specialized filtration such as reverse osmosis or granular activated carbon.
Hexavalent chromium (chromium-6) was detected at 13.00 µg/L, above California's 10 µg/L limit. There is no federal MCL, but the EPA is reviewing evidence linking long-term exposure to cancer risk.
As a major metropolitan system serving over 625K residents, Fresno faces large-scale infrastructure challenges including aging pipes and the complexity of treating water across a vast distribution network.
The system has seen 125 violations in the past five years, suggesting a pattern of compliance challenges that residents should monitor closely.
Water quality score
See methodology →Is Fresno, CA water safe to drink?
Fresno's drinking water has significant quality concerns based on EPA testing data. With a grade of F (33.2/100), the system has issues across multiple categories. A water filter is recommended for all residents. The city's 41 water systems serve approximately 624,727 residents using surface water (rivers, lakes, or reservoirs).
Recent water quality updates for Fresno
A timeline of significant water quality events, violations, and data updates.
PFAS levels exceed EPA maximum contaminant levels. Reverse osmosis or activated carbon filtration recommended.
Latest EPA compliance and testing data incorporated into Fresno's water quality assessment. Grade: F (33.2/100).
1 health-based. Contaminants: Lead and Copper Rule, Combined Uranium.
2 health-based. Contaminants: Consumer Confidence Rule, Nitrate, Combined Uranium.
1 health-based. Contaminants: Combined Uranium.
Federal disaster declaration (FEMA DR-3592). Flood event — may have impacted local water infrastructure.
Key contaminant findings
Based on the most recent EPA sampling data for Fresno's water supply.
Well within EPA limits.
Exceeds EPA action level. Copper can leach from household plumbing — flush taps for 30 seconds before drinking.
PFAS "forever chemicals" exceed EPA maximum contaminant levels. Reverse osmosis or granular activated carbon filtration strongly recommended.
The "Erin Brockovich" chemical. There is no federal MCL, but California has set a limit of 10 µg/L. Reverse osmosis filtration is effective at removing hexavalent chromium.
PFAS "forever chemicals" detected
UCMR 5 testing found 10 PFAS compounds in Fresno's water supply. PFAS are synthetic chemicals that persist indefinitely in the environment and the human body.
Violation history
Fresno's water system has 1,141 total violations on record, including 523 health-based violations. 116 remain unresolved. 125 violations were issued in the last 5 years.
Flood & environmental risk
Fresno County has experienced 7 federally declared disasters since 1969. Flooding and severe storms can overwhelm water treatment plants, cause sewage overflows, and introduce agricultural runoff, bacteria, and sediment into drinking water supplies.
Where does Fresno's water come from?
Fresno's drinking water comes from surface water (rivers, lakes, or reservoirs), supplied by 41 water systems serving approximately 624,727 people. Surface water sources are more susceptible to contamination from runoff, industrial discharge, and algal blooms, requiring extensive treatment.
What Fresno residents can do
Recommended: Reverse osmosis system. This addresses the specific contaminants found in Fresno's water.
Your water utility is required to publish an annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) with detailed testing results. Ask for the latest copy or check your utility's website.
Fresno's area has a history of flooding. After severe weather, watch for boil water advisories from your local utility.
Data: EPA SDWIS, UCMR 5 (PFAS), FEMA, NOAA. Last updated May 2026.
Top contaminants to know
View all ↓Forever chemicals overview
National PFAS report →Violation summary
Violations & advisories
Top industrial polluters within 10 miles of Fresno
Industrial polluters nearby
Reported releases to surface water by facilities near Fresno, ranked by pounds discharged annually.
| Facility | Top chemical | To surface water (lbs/yr) | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
VALLEY CHROME PLATING INC. CLOVIS, CA93612 | — | — | 5.8 mi |
ANLIN INDUSTRIES CLOVIS, CA93611 | — | — | 6.9 mi |
PRODUCERS DAIRY FOODS INC. FRESNO, CA93701 | — | — | 2.4 mi |
CALPORTLAND THORNE RMC FRESNO, CA93706 | — | — | 2.6 mi |
CARGILL MEAT SOLUTIONS CORP FRESNO, CA93706 | — | — | 6.4 mi |
Source: EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) 2023
Superfund sites within 10 miles of Fresno
Superfund sites nearby
Federally tracked hazardous-waste sites on the EPA National Priorities List. Proximity does not necessarily indicate tap-water contamination — the connection depends on hydrology and treatment.
- INDUSTRIAL WASTE PROCESSING4.2 mi
- FRESNO MUNICIPAL SANITARY LANDFILL5.7 mi
- PURITY OIL SALES INC7.1 mi
Source: EPA Superfund National Priorities List
Flood & disaster history
Fresno County has experienced 7 federally declared disasters since 1969. Flooding and severe weather can compromise water treatment infrastructure and introduce contaminants into drinking water supplies.
Recommended water filters
Based on contaminants detected in Fresno's water supply, we recommend the following filter types.
Full contaminants report
| Contaminant | Detected Level | EPA Limit | Unit | Category | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead (90th percentile) LeadHeavy Metal A toxic heavy metal that can leach into drinking water from older pipes, solder, and fixtures. No amount of lead in water is considered safe. Health EffectsBrain and nervous system damage in children, kidney damage, high blood pressure, and reproductive problems in adults. EPA Limit15 ppb action level Common SourcesCorrosion of lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets, and household plumbing. | 0.0 | 15 | ppb | Inorganic | Safe |
| Copper (90th percentile) CopperInorganic A metal that enters drinking water mainly through corrosion of copper plumbing. Small amounts are essential for health, but excess levels are harmful. Health EffectsGastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) at short-term high levels; liver and kidney damage from long-term exposure. EPA Limit1.3 mg/L action level Common SourcesCorrosion of copper household plumbing, erosion of natural deposits. | 4.60 | 1.3 | mg/L | Inorganic | Over Limit |
| 11Cl-PF3OUdS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 4:2 FTS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 6:2 FTS 6:2 FTSPFAS A fluorotelomer sulfonate commonly found at sites contaminated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) used in firefighting. Health EffectsPotential liver toxicity and endocrine disruption. Less studied but identified as a contaminant of concern. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), airports, military bases, and industrial facilities. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 8:2 FTS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| 9Cl-PF3ONS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| ADONA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| HFPO-DA HFPO-DA (GenX)PFAS A replacement for PFOA in manufacturing, marketed as safer but still a persistent "forever chemical." Also known as GenX. Health EffectsLiver and kidney effects, reproductive toxicity, immune system effects, and potential cancer risk. EPA Limit10 ppt MCL Common SourcesFluoropolymer manufacturing (used as PFOA replacement), industrial wastewater discharge. | ND | 0.01 | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| lithium LithiumInorganic A naturally occurring alkali metal found in groundwater. Monitored under UCMR 5 to assess occurrence in drinking water. Health EffectsKidney effects at high doses. Low-level exposure effects under study; some research suggests neurological effects. EPA LimitNo MCL (monitoring only under UCMR 5) Common SourcesNatural mineral deposits, geothermal water, and industrial discharge. | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| NEtFOSAA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| NFDHA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| NMeFOSAA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFBA PFBAPFAS One of the shortest-chain PFAS compounds. Very mobile in water and difficult to remove with standard filtration. Health EffectsThyroid effects, potential developmental toxicity. Shorter half-life in body than long-chain PFAS. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesDegradation of longer-chain PFAS, industrial discharge, and firefighting foam. | 0.026 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFBS PFBSPFAS A short-chain PFAS used as a replacement for PFOS. While it clears the body faster than long-chain PFAS, it still persists in the environment. Health EffectsThyroid effects, reproductive and developmental toxicity, kidney effects. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam, and as a replacement chemical in manufacturing. | 0.013 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFDA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFDoA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFEESA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHpA PFHpAPFAS A medium-chain PFAS compound found in various environmental samples. Less studied than PFOA/PFOS but still considered a contaminant of concern. Health EffectsLiver effects, potential developmental toxicity, and endocrine disruption. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesDegradation of longer-chain PFAS, industrial discharge, and contaminated water sources. | 0.031 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFHpS | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFHxA PFHxAPFAS A short-chain PFAS replacement chemical widely used after manufacturers phased out longer-chain PFAS. Very commonly detected in water. Health EffectsLiver and kidney effects, potential thyroid disruption. Considered less toxic than long-chain PFAS but still persistent. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesIndustrial processes, firefighting foam (AFFF), food packaging, and textile treatment. | 0.034 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFHxS PFHxSPFAS A medium-chain PFAS found in firefighting foam and consumer products. It has a long half-life in the human body, similar to long-chain PFAS. Health EffectsImmune system effects, thyroid disruption, and potential reproductive and developmental harm. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), waterproof textiles, food packaging, and industrial discharge. | 0.030 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFMBA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFMPA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFNA PFNAPFAS A long-chain PFAS compound used in manufacturing fluoropolymers. It bioaccumulates in the body and is very persistent in the environment. Health EffectsDevelopmental effects, liver toxicity, immune suppression, and potential cancer risk. EPA LimitPart of Hazard Index (1.0) Common SourcesFluoropolymer manufacturing, industrial emissions, and contaminated water sources. | 0.008 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFOA PFOAPFAS A long-chain PFAS ("forever chemical") once widely used in nonstick coatings and firefighting foam. It persists in the body and environment for years. Health EffectsLinked to kidney and testicular cancer, thyroid disease, elevated cholesterol, and reproductive issues. EPA Limit4.0 ppt MCL Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam (AFFF), nonstick cookware manufacturing, and contaminated groundwater. | 0.016 | 0.004 | µg/L | PFAS | Over MCL |
| PFOS PFOSPFAS A long-chain PFAS compound historically used in stain-resistant coatings and firefighting foam. One of the most studied and persistent PFAS chemicals. Health EffectsLiver damage, immune system suppression, thyroid disruption, increased cholesterol, and potential cancer risk. EPA Limit4.0 ppt MCL Common SourcesFirefighting foam (AFFF), industrial sites, stain-resistant fabric treatments, and contaminated groundwater. | 0.030 | 0.004 | µg/L | PFAS | Over MCL |
| PFPeA PFPeAPFAS A short-chain PFAS compound commonly detected in drinking water. One of the most frequently found PFAS in UCMR 5 monitoring. Health EffectsLess studied than PFOA/PFOS. Potential liver and thyroid effects. Research is ongoing. EPA LimitNo individual MCL (not yet regulated) Common SourcesIndustrial discharge, firefighting foam degradation, and consumer products. | 0.047 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFPeS | 0.005 | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Detected |
| PFTA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFTrDA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
| PFUnA | ND | HI | µg/L | PFAS | Not Detected |
Lead level trend (90th percentile)
Copper level trend (90th percentile)
See how Fresno compares by contaminant
Explore where Fresno ranks among all California cities for specific contaminants.
Water source & infrastructure
Where Fresno's water comes from
Fresno's drinking water comes primarily from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes, or reservoirs.
Surface water systems require multi-stage treatment including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to meet EPA Safe Drinking Water Act standards.
These sources can be impacted by seasonal changes, stormwater runoff, upstream agriculture, and industrial discharge.
The system is operated by local government ownership and serves approximately 624,727 people through 41 water systems.
Water systems serving Fresno
| System Name | PWSID | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CITY OF FRESNO | CA1010007 | 545,716 | SW |
| CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY FRESNO | CA1010339 | 41,000 | GW |
| BAKMAN WATER COMPANY | CA1010001 | 17,393 | GW |
| MALAGA COUNTY WATER DISTRICT | CA1010042 | 5,979 | GW |
| FCWWD 41/SHAVER LAKE | CA1010017 | 2,722 | GW |
| FCSA 47 - QUAIL LAKE ESTATES | CA1010055 | 1,988 | GW |
| COUNTRYSIDE CARE CENTER | CA1000430 | 1,274 | GW |
| FCSA 34 - MILLERTON NEW TOWN | CA1000484 | 1,117 | SW |
| BAKMAN WATER-ROLLING HILLS | CA2010009 | 1,107 | GW |
| JUVENILE JUSTICE CAMPUS | CA1000570 | 565 | GW |
| FCSA 32 - CANTUA CREEK | CA1000359 | 462 | SW |
| FCSA 49 - FIVE POINTS | CA1000546 | 440 | SW |
| FCSA 05 - WILDWOOD ISLAND | CA1000021 | 417 | GW |
| FCSA 39 - A AND B | CA1000471 | 395 | GWP |
| FCSA 44D - MONTE VERDI | CA1000550 | 350 | GW |
| EASTON ESTATES WATER COMPANY | CA1000018 | 302 | GW |
| WOODWARD BLUFFS MHP | CA1000298 | 300 | GW |
| FCWWD 42/ALLUVIAL & FANCHER | CA1000078 | 291 | GW |
| SUNNYSIDE CONVALESCENT HOSP | CA1000366 | 275 | GW |
| BELMONT WATER CORPORATION | CA1000004 | 264 | GW |
| FCSA 30 - EL PORVENIR | CA1000019 | 241 | SW |
| MEADOW LAKES CLUB | CA1000056 | 240 | GW |
| FCWWD 40 - SHAVER SPRINGS | CA1000042 | 196 | GW |
| FCWWD 38/SKY HARBOUR | CA1000041 | 185 | GW |
| FCSA 43 - RAISIN CITY | CA1000551 | 182 | GW |
| MANNING GARDENS CARE CENTER INC | CA1000324 | 170 | GW |
| FCSA 10 - CUMORAH KNOLLS | CA1000039 | 132 | GW |
| FCWWD 37/MILE HIGH | CA1000040 | 129 | GW |
| FCSA 14 - BELMONT MANOR | CA1000023 | 115 | GW |
| WILDWOOD MOBILE HOME PK INC | CA2000608 | 106 | GW |
| BRITZ/COLUSA | CA1009023 | 85 | SW |
| FCSA 10A - MANSIONETTE ESTATES | CA1000554 | 81 | GW |
| JOHN HOVANNISIAN WATER SYSTEM | CA2000647 | 80 | GW |
| BRITZ/FIVE POINT SYSTEM | CA1009179 | 76 | SW |
| CAMDEN TRAILER PARK | CA1000238 | 75 | GW |
| WESTSIDE HARVESTING | CA1009214 | 72 | SW |
| ELM COURT | CA1000277 | 64 | GW |
| FCSA 34B - VENTANA HILLS | CA1000574 | 48 | GW |
| PAPPAS & CO (MENDOTA) | CA1009039 | 36 | SW |
| FCSA 44C - RIVERVIEW ESTATES | CA1000555 | 34 | GW |
| SHADY OAKS MOBILE HOME PARK LLC | CA2000828 | 23 | GW |
How Fresno compares
Full California rankings →Fresno's score of 33.2/100 is below the average of 58/100 among major California cities. It outscores 2 of 10 nearby cities. 8 of 10 nearby cities score higher.
Nearby cities
View California rankings →About Fresno, CA
Wikipedia →Fresno is a city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. It is the county seat of Fresno County and the largest city in the greater Central Valley region, as well as the most populated city in Central California. It covers about 114.7 square miles (297 km2) and had a population of 542,107 as of the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation.
Learn more about your water
Guides and resources related to Fresno's water quality findings.
Explore water quality across Fresno
Frequently asked questions
Is Fresno, CA tap water safe to drink?
Fresno's water quality earned a grade of F (33.2/100). Significant issues have been found. A water filter is strongly recommended. The city ranks #691 out of 694 cities tested in California.
What contaminants are in Fresno's water?
Lead was measured at 0.0 ppb (90th percentile). 10 PFAS compounds were detected. 1141 violations are on record.
How is Fresno's water quality grade calculated?
The grade is based on four factors: violation history (40%), lead and copper levels (25%), PFAS contamination (25%), and regulatory compliance (10%). The score is also adjusted based on how complete the available data is. See our methodology page for full details.
Do I need a water filter in Fresno?
PFAS compounds exceed EPA limits — a reverse osmosis or activated carbon filter is recommended.
Where does Fresno's water come from?
Fresno's water is sourced from Surface water. The city has 41 water systems serving approximately 624,727 residents.
What health violations has Fresno's water system had?
Fresno has 523 health-based violations on record. The most recent violation was recorded in October 2025. Health-based violations mean the water exceeded EPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for a regulated substance. 116 violations remain unresolved.
Why does Fresno have so many PFAS compounds in its water?
10 different PFAS "forever chemical" compounds were detected in Fresno's water supply during UCMR 5 testing. PFAS contamination often originates from proximity to military installations (AFFF firefighting foam), airports, industrial manufacturing sites, or wastewater treatment facilities. Some levels exceed the 2024 EPA maximum contaminant levels — a reverse osmosis or NSF-certified activated carbon filter is strongly recommended.
How does Fresno's water compare to other cities?
Fresno ranks #691 out of 694 cities in California (better than 0% of state cities) and #15607 out of 15744 cities nationally (1th percentile). The grade of F reflects the combined assessment of violation history, lead and copper levels, PFAS contamination, and regulatory compliance.